Net Present Value and Papa Geo free essay sample

The restaurant would be located in Orlando, Florida and would majorly target middle to lower-middle class families with children, as well as adults and seniors, thus making it a friendly and family place. The major product and service provided by the restaurant would be Italian food served buffet style with an all-you-can-eat format with a lot of variety including a salad bar, pizza, several different types of pasta with three or four types of sauces, soup, desserts, and a self-serve soda bar. There would also be a gaming area within the restaurant with gaming machines installed which would be of interest to children. The business would provide wholesome and fresh food, in a simple format, with very good prices and is located in a densely populated area, all of which would help the restaurant to do well and establish itself as a popular and profitable business. * * * Also, provide a second paragraph which describes how the budget supports the company’s strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Net Present Value and Papa Geo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * * Finally, provide a third paragraph where you summarize the key points from your budget, including the planning horizon, the amount of up-front investment, the NPV, Payback and IRR of the project, as well as key figures from your income statement, cash flow statement, and balance sheet. * Remember, this is not a thesis or introduction of what you will talk about – it contains the major, specific content of each section. The second and third paragraph should be written after you have completed all other sections of this template. * * As you complete sections of this template, please remove all italicized text in all sections of this template and replace it with your own or you will lose points! * * 2. 0 Sales Forecast 2. 0 Sales Forecast * * This section forecasts the sales of Papa Geo’s restaurant over a five-year period. Section 2. 1 gives the estimated sales figures and a brief explanation on the changes in these figures over the planning period. * Section 2. 2 delves into the details of how this sales estimate has been arrived at, calculations involved and the methods and assumptions used in the process. * Overall, this section is useful is providing an estimate of how much the restaurant can make in sales, given its internal specifics and external environment. * 2. 1 Sales Forecast * * The yearly sales forecast for Papa Geo’s restaurant is given below. In $ | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Sales | 933,504. 00 | 1,555,840. 00 | 1,616,517. 76 | 1,679,561. 95 | 1,745,064. 87 | * My methods and assumptions for arriving at the sales figures in the table are detailed in section 2. 2 The sales figure estimated per my calculations is taken as the sale figure for Year 2. This is because the sales figure arrived at from the calculations cannot be assumed to be sales for Year 1 as the restaurant might not be able to realize its full potential and attract the estimated number of customers from day one itself. Also, teething problems with marketing, operations etc might not lead to optimum sales. Therefore, we will project only 60% of this figure as first year sales and use the estimated figure as the sales figure for Year 2. Over the planning period, starting from Year 2 onwards, sales are expected to grow at a rate of 3. 9% every year, in line with industry estimates of the average growth of the restaurant industry in the US (Source: Mintel International, cited in section 6. 0). * * 2. 2 Methods and Assumptions * According to the brief given on Papa Geo’s restaurant, there are about 10,000 families living within 15 minutes of the restaurant. Of these, between 3% and 5% are rich households (Phoenix marketing international, Wikipedia) and it is assumed that another 15% comprise of high income and upper middle class households. That leaves about 80% of the 10000 families in the area,that are the target market for the restaurant. * * According to a research paper (in restaurant. org), American families eat out about 4 times a week. However, considering that our target market comprises of mostly middle and lower income families, I’ve assumed that they eat out only about 2 times a week on an average. This means that, about 16000 families [(80%*10,000)*2] eat out in a week in that area in Ohio, Florida. * * In terms of competition, although it is mentioned that McDonalds, Taco Bell and Wendy’s operate in the area, we assume there are other small places that people might visit to eat out. Also, people might venture out beyond their areas to eat out. Keeping these in mind, we’ve assumed that these four places (Papa Geo’s, McDonald’s, Taco Bell and Wendy’s) will be able to capture only about 85% of these families. (16000*85%=13600/week). Of these four places, since the others are fast food and fast food restaurants generally command a larger footfall than other format restaurants we assume the following about their share in the pie of families: Taco Bell: 30%, McDonald’s: 30%, Wendy’s: 30% and Papa Geo’s: 10% * * i. e, Papa Geo’s can expect to capture 1360 (10%*13600) families per week. Since this is a family dining place, we make another assumption about the composition of the family. We assume that out of a family of 4, two are kids and two adults. Which means that about 2720 (1360*2) kids and 2720 adults (1360*2) will eat from Papa Geo’s per week. * * Given that a meal (including drinks) cost about $7, we make the following assumptions: * Adults visiting the restaurant will have meals (@ $7), on an average. * Kids visiting the restaurants with their families will make a bill of about $4 per head. Given this, we now estimate the weekly sales for adults and kids. Therefore, d * Sales from Adults per week: 2720*7 = 19040 * Sales from Kids per week: 2720*4 = 10880 * * Now, the total sales (both adults and kids, as part of families) per week can be estimated at: 19040+10880 = $29920 * Therefore, average sales per year = 1,555,840 * The sales figure estimated by these calculations is taken as the sale figure for Year 2. This is because the sales figure arrived a t from the calculations cannot be assumed to be sales for Year 1 as the restaurant might not be able to realize its full potential and attract the estimated number of customers from day one itself. Also, teething problems with marketing, operations etc might not lead to optimum sales. Therefore, we will project only 60% of this figure as first year sales, and use the estimated figure as the sales figure for Year 2. Over the planning period, starting from Year 2 onwards, sales are expected to grow at a rate of 3. 9% every year, in line with industry estimates of the average growth of the restaurant industry in the US (Source: Mintel International, cited in section 6. 0). * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3. Capital Expenditure Budget 3. 0 Capital Expenditure Budget * * Capital Expenditure Budget: * Item| Cost| Quantity| Total cost| Source| Notes and Assumptions| Cost of registering a business| 300| | 300| ehow. com| Cost of registering includes: actual cost of registering ($70), legal fees and misc expenses (approx $230)| Renovation of facility| 15000| 1| 15000| Given| This includes all kinds of beautification etc that the restaurant needs to start operations| Soda fountain ba r| 3621| 1| 3621| Soda-dispenser. om| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| 2 pizza ovens| 849| 2| 1698| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| salad and Pizza/dessert bar| 1450| 1| 1450| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Commercial Refrigerator| 3529| 1| 3529| Coldtechcommercial. com| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Cash Register| 170| 2| 340| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Video game vending machine| | | | | | Type 1| 550| 2| 1100| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Type 2| 750| 2| 1500| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Laptop for management| 275| 1| 275| ebay| Laptop purchased with Warranty, Price quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| desk for mgmt| 25| 1| 25| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Staff Microwave| 319| 1| 319| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Staff cupboard| 100| 1| 100| Assumed| | taff refriferator| 700| 1| 700| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Tables for the restaurant| 279| 20| 5580| tableschairsbarstools. com| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Chairs for the restaurant| 55| 80| 4400| restaurant-services. com| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Busing cart for restaurant| 50| 1| 50| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Commercial dishwasher| 2500| 1| 2500| ebay| Prices quoted may or may not be the same at later dates| Restaurant signage| 124| 1| 124| brightledsigns. om| Although this is a form of advertising, this wouldnt be considered as an operating cost given the long term (more than a year) nature of its use| Total| Â  | Â  | 42611| | | * * The above table provides an estimate of the capital budget required for Papa Geo’s restaurant. For each item, sources and assumptions used are explained towards the right side of the table. Other generic assumptions beyond those already mentioned are provided below: * Miscellaneous cooking and handling equipment cost will be considered operational expenses and will not be capitalized given the short term (less than a year) use of such assets.

The elite essays

The elite essays The strongest arguments for this statement are that about 10% of people own 90% of the wealth in the US, as the definition of elitism states The view that the United States is essentially run by a tiny elite (composed of wealthy or well-connected individuals ) who control public policy through both direct and indirect means.Another strong argument is that why do only rich persons get nominated or even have a chance to hold a high political position, you never see a person that doesnt have a lot of money running for president or if you do they will eventually drop out because of lack of funds, this proves again that money is the answer for everything. I agree with the statement because its true that our government only represents the rich and well connected rather than the poor and needy, our government rarely looks out for the poor. Instead of giving tax breaks to the poor, our government makes the rich richer and the poor poorer. Well, its obvious that the government is going to h elp out the rich first because they are the ones that help them get elected and once there in office they feel obligated to pay them back however they can and without thinking about anyone but their own well being. One good example that our government represents the privileged few rather than the needy many were in the 2000 presidential elections. If George W. Bush had not been the son of a former president and the brother of the governor of Florida, there is no way he would be our president. Since former presidents get to know a lot of people and help many of them when they need help it is often given to them by the people they helped in the past. I think the laws should be changed so that everyone has an equal opportunity of achieving success, regardless of how much money they have or whom they know and instead it should be on the basis of how capable they are of the job and their level of knowledge, this wa ...

Service Dominant Logic and Future Marketing Essay

Service Dominant Logic and Future Marketing - Essay Example The service-dominant logic of marketing Service-dominant logic is a highly successful marketing approach that elucidates that the traditional products-oriented approach for marketing needs to be replaced by a service-dominant one. At the very heart of service-dominant logic is the concept that the customer doesn’t want or expect a product, but the service that the product offers to him. It has emerged to be a new paradigm shift in marketing approach as it emphasizes the necessity to interact with customers to provide the service and also that customer is not the ‘consumer of value’ but a ‘co-creator of values’ (Ardagna, Mecella and Yang, 2009, p. 654). The major difference between the two approaches is that the traditional approach gives greater emphasis on tangible resources whereas service-dominant logic gives emphasis on intangible resources. Ballantyne and Varey (2008) found that customers appraised the value of goods they purchase in use. While c ustomers buy certain products, the exchange value determination is provisional upon later experience of customers about the goods. Customers determine the value in terms of how and what they value-in-use of the goods. According to the traditional product-oriented marketing approach, marketers offer products in different size, volume, features, configuration, benefits etc and that the customers appraise the value of goods purely in terms of goods in these different attributes. Vargo and Lusch (2004) stressed that goods are service appliances because customers find values when goods are in-use and therefore service is the dominant logic for marketing. The logic behind service-dominant logic of marketin

Fords Western and Leones Western Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fords Western and Leones Western - Movie Review Example This paper looks into two films individually: The Searcher, directed by John Ford (1956), and Once upon a time in the west, directed by Sergio Leone (1968). It describes their mise-en scene and beyond, introduced first by their corresponding synopsis. A comparison is made at the end. Synopsis. Although filmed on Navajo land in northern Arizona, The Searchers, begins in 1868 Texas. Ethan Edwards (played by John Wayne), a soldier, returns to his brother's farm after the end of the Civil War where he fought for the Confederacy. It has taken Ethan three years to come home, after fighting on the losing side of the Civil War. Ethan is in love with his brother's wife, Martha, but unlike his brother, he is not the man to settle down and raise a family. In this film, Ethan Edwards is seeking the two nieces who were abducted during a Comanche raid, in which his brother's family is murdered. Finding the mutilated bodies of his family, Ethan is guilt-ridden, feeling he was not there when he was needed. He thus becomes obsessed with recovering his two nieces and seeking revenge on the Comanche. This fanatic search provides the only rationale for Ethan's life, and he is determined to succeed. "We'll fin'em just as sure as the turning of the earth," he says. Ethan is a bitter and lo... Ethan becomes more concerned with executing vengeance than with finding her. During the search, when Ethan is asked, "You wanna quit" he angrily replies, "That'll be the day!" and he repeats this phrase many times in the course of the film. Theme. Based on a screenplay by Frank S. Nugent from the novel by Alan Le May, "The Searchers" deals with the winning of the West, the struggles between the invading White Man and the Native Americans, the Western Code of Honor, and old-fashioned determination vs. selfish, vengeful spite (Puccio, 2006). Ethan embodies the most important attributes of the Westerner: individualism, self-sufficiency, strength, non-conformity, and loneliness. In this movie, Ethan's solitariness is stressed visually. The film opens with a magnificent inside framing shot of a cabin door, opening up to high desert red sandstone formations and turquoise sky. Ethan appears out of nowhere, from the desert, and, at the end, after his mission is accomplished, Ethan returns to the desert. In the film's last shot, Wayne stands alone, silhouetted in the door's frame, while other people pass around, ignoring his presence. A shot similar at the beginning bookends the film. In this film, Ford illustrates the outcomes of racism and Indian hating, a seeming eloquent statement in support of the Civil Rights movement (Puccio, 2006). Consider the following conversation - Brad (to Ethan, as they follow the Comanche): They gotta stop sometime; if they're human men at all, they've gotta stop. Ethan: A human rides a horse until it dies, and then goes on afoot. Comanch' comes along, gets that horse up, rides him twenty more miles ... then eats him. Techniques. In the story, drawn away

Hispanic Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hispanic Market - Essay Example Tucson has 35.72% population of Hispanic or Latino. As a group we want to research and learn alternative methods to serve The Hispanic or Latin consumers in not just only Tucson but for Target as whole. In the information given to us in class it states, â€Å"In 2009, U.S. Hispanics purchasing power was $978 billion.† This showed us that the Hispanic consumer has a huge influence on retailers and they need to be able to tailor not only their merchandise but also the way they market themselves in order to gain them as not only customers but also loyal customers. For our topic Miami, Los Angeles, and Chicago are the Hispanic sensitive markets. From statistics we found it stated that in 2010 the Hispanic population made up 16% of the U.S. population. Between 2000 and 2010 the Hispanic population alone increased by 15.3 million. As stated in the information we were given in class â€Å"According to a U.S. Census forecast, Hispanics will compose 30% of the population by 2050.† Currently, Miami has the highest percentage Hispanic population between the three cities that is 65.76%. Los Angeles has 46.53% Hispanic population and Chicago has 28.9% population of Hispanic. From this data, we know that the Hispanic Market has become a big part of the retail marketing. The retailers need to try to focus on the Hispanic market demand and figuring out how to manage these demands efficiently. Each team was assigned a Target â€Å"Buddy† to help better accomplish us getting the information we needed for our project. Our buddy is Michael Lopriore and he works at the Irvington location of Target in Tucson. Due to scheduling conflicts with Michael we had to meet with a different employee of Target to get started on our project. On October 9th we met with Sonny Lopez, the HR manager at the Irvington location. Sonny has also worked with previous classes for this course on this project and he seemed eager to help us with our project. Before Sonny gave

David Carson Influences | Modern Graphic Design

David Carson Influences | Modern Graphic Design Considered to be one of the worlds most influential graphic designers (Layers Magazine, 2007) David Carson is a name synonymously associated with post-modern design. This essay investigates Carsons career from its beginning in the design industry by means of a full biography before venturing on into post-modern and sub-cultural influences on the designer, the emergence and development of key aspects of post-modernist design within the work of David Carson and the positive and negative impact and influence he has had on modern graphic design. Biography: Born in Texas on September 8th, 1955 David Carson dedicated his early career to being a professional surfer, David attained a standing of number 8 in the world rankings while being a high school teacher in California (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012a).  A late starter to the graphic design industry, Carsons first real design experience came during a two-week commercial design course in Switzerland as part of his sociology degree. The class, taught by Swiss designer, Hans-Rudolf Lutz (Sacharoq, 1996: p.8), whose influence was so significant that Carson made a decision to pursue a career in graphic design and enrolled full time in a small art college upon his return home to the United States. In an interview with Marc Cameron, founder of fotorater.com; Carson explains the beginning of his design career: taking the advice of a friend who, at the time was the editor of Skateboarder magazine to contact the art director. I immediately started harassing this art director, sending him every little thing I was working on (Cameron, 2012a). This dogged persistence paid off and soon Carson was working in the studio voluntarily; pasting up advertisements and eventually composing an editorial spread for the magazine. Carsons first real job in the design profession was working as a designer at the surfer publication titled  Self and Musician as well as being an employed part-time designer for the magazine  Transworld Skateboarding (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012b). This enabled him to experiment with design, developing his now characteristic style of chaotic spreads overlapping photos and mixed up, altered typefaces. In 1989 Carson changed occupations and became art director of Beach Culture magazine producing a total of six magazines before the journal folded, this earned him more than 150 design awards (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012c) and a new position in a design role at its sister publication Surfer magazine, which catapulted him into the design spotlight. Carson then caught the attention of Marvin Jarret, publisher of Ray Gun an alternative music publication, who hired Carson as its art director in 1992. The monumental success of the publication between the years 1992 and 1995, with th e help of Carsons radical design vision, saw Ray Guns subscribers triple in numbers. This feat is most commonly attributed to the design strategy that seemed to be particularly appealing to the youth demographic (Kenyaferrand.com, n.d.) which led to several large corporations spotting an opportunity in Carsons design work to increase youth sales of their respective products. Commissions earned by Carson followed to design printed advertisements and direct television commercials. In 1995, Carson left Ray Gun and established his own design company David Carson Design. The business was an instant success, and Carson was able to secure a large and diverse corporate client base with companies such as Microsoft, Pepsi and Giorgio Armani. Carsons first book titled The End of Print: The Graphic Design of David Carson, released in 1995 and has since become the top selling graphic design book of all time with sales in excess of over 200,000 copies (David Carson Design, n.d.). Followed by the boldly experimental books  2nd Sight  (1997),  Fotografiks  (1999), and  Trek  (2003) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012d). Post-modernist design influences on David Carson: Post-modernist design, described in the art and popular culture encyclopaedia as: A cultural, intellectual or artistic state, which lacks a clear central hierarchy or organizing principle and which embodies extreme complexity, contradiction, ambiguity, diversity and interconnectedness (artandpopularculture.com, u.d.). This is evident in Carsons hallmark style of distorted type and his rejection of the conventional ideas of typographic syntax, visual hierarchy and imagery. The text in Carsons work often challenges the fundamental criteria for legibility by the exploration of reverse reading, extreme forced justification, columns jammed together with no gutter and the erratic letter spacing across images, arranged in expressive rather than normative sequences. In his book, A Century of Graphic Design, author Jeremy Aynsley (2001: p. 233a) states that: Carsons work is greatly indebted to the work of Wolfgang Weingart and the Cranbrook academy, belonging to the tradition of deconstructive typography. This statement holds an immense amount of strength as Carson has characterised his style by embracing what could be considered as vernacular design, upsetting the rules of modernist typography with inconsistent weights and spacing of letterforms and adopting a multi-layered approach to both word and image; questioning the original meaning of the text and interpreting it into his own unique message. Aynsley (2001: p. 233b) goes on to explain how: Carson counters the modernist position form follows function, instead opting to use layout to explore the meaning. The typographic form is expected to represent ideas actively, rather than present a transparent medium. Much of Carsons work has also been influenced by the surfing sub-culture; his early professional surfing career allowed him to identify with and relate to his target audience. In his interview with Marc Cameron, Carson states: growing up around that culture put me in a more experimental mindset (Cameron, 2012b). This experimental and somewhat chaotic approach to design appealed to the sub-culture that surrounded the surfing and skating communities, and in a sense gave them their own identity with the styling of publications related to their specific demographic. Aynsley (2001: p. 232) has claimed that advertisers soon noticed the potential benefits of someone who could embody the interests of young consumers. Post-modernist theories in David Carsons work: David Carsons work holds true to many key aspects of post-modernism, especially with his philosophies countering of modernist theories such as form follows function. This is evident in the visually driven arrangement of type, by allowing letterforms or flow from spread to spread, by the extreme or unnatural cropping of single images or his highly expressive use of typography to express his own interpretation of the message to the viewer. The latter is most famously noted in his spread for an interview with Brian Ferry in Ray Gun magazine, an article which Carson states in his conference on design and discovery, published on Ted.com I found the interview boring, so I set the whole article in dingbat (Carson, 2009) During Carsons employment with Ray Gun, there were further embracements of post-modernist theories encompassed by audience participation within the magazines content. In his book, A History of Graphic Design, Phillip Meggs (1998: p.463a) has noted how Carson turned over half a dozen pages to the readers to display their illustrations for song lyrics. The encouragement of audience participation and engagement also acted as an enhancement of the sub-cultural identity to the already burgeoning audience generated by the publication. The impact of David Carson on modern graphic design: David Carson is arguably the most innovative and influential graphic designer of the 1990s (Blackwell, 1995: p. 1) and without doubt the most talked about, gaining an army of both admirers and detractors throughout his career. Blackwell (1995: p.10) has noted how Carson has progressed from being an unknown designer of a short-lived specialist magazine to being one of the most decorated designers in the world. This statement that holds weight in the sense that Carsons work has made a breakthrough from sub-culture to the mainstream of mass communication his work now considered being the cutting edge of the leading communications culture (Blackwell, 1995: p. 18). Carsons continual reinvention of the relationship between design and type, has changed the course of graphic design and crystalized the look and attitude of an entire generation, making him a powerful catalyst for design change (Aynsley, 2001: p. 233c). Running several workshops for graphic design students worldwide has provided Carson with a cult following of inspired young designers while at the same time angering some communications professionals who believed he had crossed the line between order and chaos (Meggs, 1998: p.463b). The lack of a prominent theory or a defined set of rules within Carsons work does not necessarily mean that the work is chaotic; instead it challenges conventional design practices with Carsons belief that as Blackwell (1995: p 27) claims that you cannot not communicate and Dont mistake legibility for communication. The benefits on studio work as a result of topics covered in this module: The topics covered in this module have dramatically benefitted my studio work; they have given me an insight into historical design practices and an understanding of key movements that I previously would not have considered in both my research and in producing potential design solutions. Post-modernism and David Carson in particular has been a monumental inspiration and my work in both the learning activities and the summative assessment covering the subject of his design work and processes; inspiring me to take a more expressive outlook on my design and not limiting myself to conventional solutions to design briefs. I now take into account how more expressionist designs can attract and engage the intended audience, more than traditional messages that offer little visual appeal. Designing pieces that have direct links to Carsons design philosophies; considering the emotion conveyed by a piece of work has added an extra dimension to previous practices and has reignited my passion for design.

Public Nudity Should Not be Allowed :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Public Nudity Should Not be Allowed In the summer of 1996 Gwen Jacobs enjoyed a topless summer stroll during which she was seen by a local O.P.P officer, was apprehended and subsequently charged with indecent exposure. Gwen Jacobs pleaded not guilty in court and won the right to go topless in Ontario. This incident brought up an excellent question: should women be allowed to go topless on public beaches and in other public areas? The answer is strictly no, women should not be allowed to go topless anywhere outside of their own home. One of the many reasons why I believe that women should not be allowed to go topless is with respect to the safety of women. Men and boys have, in recent years, been using short, tight, skirts and shirts as an excuse for rape or date rape. Men have said that the girl was wearing a tight shirt and short skirt and it was obvious that she was easy and wanted the attention. This statement leads me to my next point. The average human being upon first contact with a stranger bases his initial impression of that person solely on the person's appearance. This is only natural as the only thing that we know about this stranger is what we see of them the first time we meet. We all are aware of the sayings "Preppy","Jockish","Skater","Sluty" etc. This final saying, â€Å"Sluty† is interpreted by 90 percent of North Americans as a tight skirt and tight tank top which happens to be the usual ensemble of a prostitute. This first impression of a girl in nothing but a skirt and a bare chest will no doubt elevate to the new version of a â€Å"Slut† and a girl that wants it. My second point is, what kind of questions will a mother be asked by her son when he sees a half nude woman walking down the street. The first question that this child will ask is why do these women have no shirt on and you do? Your reply will be well ahhh go talk to your father. This dilemma will no doubt be brought about as these and other questions about the sexual nature of the body will be put forth by young children. Questions that you as a parent do not feel should be answered truthfully to such a young child. My third point begins thousands of years ago when man first walked on the earth. When man first walked he hunted and his wife(clothless) cleaned the game and took care of the young.

Comparative Analysis of Elizabeth Bennett and Emma Bovary Essay

Elizabeth Bennett and Emma Bovary are two of the most famous literature female protagonists of the 19th century. They are both known for their strong personalities and beautiful physical appearances. Elizabeth Bennett is the beautiful young heroine in Jane Austen’s well known romantic novel Pride and Prejudice while Emma Bovary is Gustave Flaubert’s protagonist in the much controversial French novel Madame Bovary. These two novels include two of the most talked about female protagonists in English Literature. Despite the two characters’ distinguished characteristics and principles, there are remarkable similarities in their stories’ settings and social situation. Comparison between Elizabeth Bennett and Emma Bovary The comparison between Elizabeth Bennett and Emma Bovary is not merely limited to the physical appearances but also to the extent of their social status and role as women. Both Bennett and Bovary live in a setting when social status is considered a basic need of an individual. It is noticeable that both Pride and Prejudice and Madame Bovary include the setting of a gathering or a ball where people of high status gather and meet. In Pride and Prejudice, the story starts off in a ball where Elizabeth Bennett meets the seemingly proud and cold Fitzwilliam Darcy. Pride and Prejudice is one of the most popular novels written by Jane Austen which was first published in 1813. It is more than a story of love which revolves around the lives of the Bennett family and the wealthy male visitors of Hertfordshire. The wide variety of personalities in the story contributed to the novel’s attractive and compelling features to date. In this regard, Elizabeth Bennett’s character speaks much of a strong personality which is extremely opinionated and bold. Unlike her younger sisters, she does not allow social status and wealth to interfere with her standards for love. However, in her statement, prejudices toward Darcy are evident for she has already judged him without knowing him well first. However, at the end of the story, she regrets having misjudged the man upon knowing the real Fitzwilliam Darcy. Thoroughly reviewing the whole context of the story, the diverse personalities of the characters are what made it possible to arrive in a certain character transformation. Each character is provided a characteristic that is distinct to other characters. Elizabeth Bennett, an interesting character indeed, possesses traits which are very much different from her sisters. Here is one of her statements to Darcy included in Chapter 19 where she rejects him the first time he proposed to marry her and considered to be one of her most famous line which establishes her personality as a dignified woman: I do assure you, Sir, that I have no pretension whatever to that kind of elegance which consists in tormenting a respectable man. I would rather be paid the compliment of being believed sincere. I thank you again and again for the honor you have done me in your proposals, but to accept them is absolutely impossible. My feelings in every respect forbid it. Can I speak plainer? Do not consider me now as an elegant female, intending to plague you, but as a rational creature, speaking the truth from her heart (Austen 97). Meanwhile, Emma Bovary represents the immaturity that Elizabeth Bennett least possessed. Bovary is portrayed as a woman who is fond of romantic novels and hopes despairingly for a magical romance. With this mindset, she resorts to adultery upon getting bored with the kindhearted but dull husband, Charles Bovary. In Chapter 9, Flaubert describes Bovary’s disgust and resentment towards the tiny details of their worn-out kitchen: Mealtime was the worst of all in that tiny room on the ground floor, with the smoking oven, the creaking door, the damp walls, and the moist flagstones; all the bitterness of her existence seemed to be served up to her on her plate, and the steam from the boiled beef brought up waves of nausea from the depths of her soul. It took Charles a long time to eat; she would nibble a few hazelnuts, or leaning on her elbow, would assume herself by drawing lines on the oilcloth with the tip of her knife (Flaubert 81-82). The way Flaubert presented the kitchen in Bovary’s eyes; it becomes clear that Bovary feels trapped in the duties of domesticity. She longs for something more than being just a housewife which is why she engages in extramarital affairs with wealthier men because she thinks she can achieve such imaginary romance by staying with a rich man. Clearly, this premise is very contradictory with Elizabeth Bennett’s principles. Despite their similar poor status in the society, Bennett is more satisfied with her life than Bovary. Bennett accepts the life she is living and does not immediately grants Darcy’s marriage proposal for the sake of wealth and status. It is true, though, that Bovary and Bennett have their similar standards for love. Even Bennett dreams of the man whom she would love dearly however, the difference is Bennett is rational and is willing to wait. On the contrary, Bovary is more impulsive in her decisions that her efforts are mostly in vain. Conclusion There are many similarities and differences between the characters of Elizabeth Bennett and Emma Bovary. Both women live with poor social status in the society which is the very reason of the conflicts in their love stories. However, it is important to note that despite their similar poor situations, their stories end up differently. Bovary’s end becomes tragic while Bennett lives the fulfilled life. The reason for these endings is dependent on the personal characteristics and attitudes of the two women towards poverty. Clearly, between the two heroines, it is Bennett’s dignified principles and rational thinking that earned her the much favorable ending than Bovary’s. Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice: A Novel. London: R. Bentley. 1853. Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. Trans. Mildred Marmur, Evelyn Gendel. New York: Signet Classic, 2001.

Creativity and Creative Industries

Creativity and Creative Industries Introduction: Creativity and creative industries Creativity can be referred to as developing of a new substance that has never existed; it could be a solution or product. Creativity occurs if one invents something new that has never existed, or if it exists elsewhere, the creator is not aware of it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and Creative Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creativity can also refer to a new process of tackling something or inventing a new idea. One can also introduce an existing product into a totally different market. With the emerging technology, upcoming industrious people are able to create their work and hence establishing outlets for their creativity as a way of promoting and distributing their creative work. The creative industries may include design, architecture, writing and publishing, music, photography, and performing arts. The screen production such as in the tel evision is inclusive. Hence, creative industries are economic activities that concentrate on the generation of knowledge and ideas. These industries are usually as a result of an individual creativeness inclusive of talents and skills (Queensland University of technology, n.d). Nevertheless, the creative industries contribute widely in a country’s economy due to their uniqueness in their operations, thus attracting many clients from within and abroad. Creativity yields creative industries, which in turn lead to employment, growth, and development in a country. Hence, creative industries contribute to gross domestic product (GDP), in distribution term and job creation (Henry, 2007, pp 9). To build creative organizations, knowledge and leadership is required; therefore, the presence of an ideal leader is important. This is a person who has the capabilities of spotting an idea that suits well with the needs of an organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business ec onomics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He is an entrepreneur who finds ways of selling and guiding his/her through implementation. He is however conscious of how his ideas can be affected by contradicting actions of managers who are not keen. However, creativity is challenged by several factors, for instance, it is not easy to demonstrate the value of a new service or product that is not in existence. New ideas may be threatening to the existing market; nevertheless, if they sail through, developing of these ideas in to tangible products may be an easy task. There are a number of factors that an ideal leader should consider including the surrounding environment, which must promote idea generation. Scanning for new opportunities should be done continuously by clarifying the emerging problem. Practical techniques should also be implemented to encourage the generation of new possibilities. When the idea is finally implemented , a follow-up should be done regularly to ensure that the idea follows the right track (Arnold, 2010). Creativity can fall in many categories, for instance, the private health sectors. In is evident that private hospitals have more medical facilities as compared to public hospitals, which are limited to facilities. This is most evident in developing countries where a patient has to be referred to a private hospital to be attended. This may be due to the fact that a certain machine is only available in a certain private hospital. The profound point here is that, the management of such a hospital thought through how to attract patients or gain fame as a hospital. They then opted to import an expensive life saving machine form abroad, after surveying and discovering that such a machine does not exist in any of the hospitals in that country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and Creative Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such an idea changes the lives of many people in the society, from the patient to the new employees / experts needed to operate the machine. Another example could be establishing a borehole in a community that has scarcity of water and by use of technology, pumping the water to taps. The business can decide on how to charge for the water service, thus making a community’s life easier and at the same time making money. Creativity is what gives sight to the blind, and what provides a better heart to the children with a heart condition. Through creativity, these surgeries are innovated, studied, and taught to medical specialists such that, when they perform the surgeries, they are a success. Therefore, everything in our lives revolves around creativity, which develops into ideas that form creative industries that deal with different products and services. Hence, creativity has contributed greatly to the community in that, it provides quality life for people in the society, and this is evident through a number of creative industries that surround us; architecture, designs, advertising, software, publishing, internet, electronics, infrastructure, among others. With technological know-how, our live move a little fast, since we no longer have to send an urgent letter via post office that task can be completed through an instant chat message or through yahoo-mail or face book. Despite the importance associated with creative industries, the cultural industries are also of benefit to a country such as the museums. However, it is due to their tradition state probably shuns visitors away; nevertheless, creative industries can boost such industries technologically to revive their fame.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The creative industries can also contribute to the cultural industries via architectural services, thus improving the outward image of these heritages. The internet has emerged as a result of creative industries, with its presence tasks are completed faster and communication is much easier due to the social clouds like facebook, my space among others. Information can also be acquired fast due to the search sites such as; Google, wikipedia and yahoo among others which can be referred to as information clouds. With the emerge of cloud culture, the internet has enabled exchange of information through chatting which enables one to express themselves and understand other peoples culture through interaction with other online communities. Culture gives us a sense of belonging and identity and hence through sharing of information and interaction, through clouds such as facebook, twitter and my space among others. Knowledge is the key to success, since it is through knowledge that one can be able to develop a generated idea. However, according to Arnold (2010), creativity may be faced by obstacles if the organization’s culture, does not entertain new ideas, but instead it criticizes them. Management may not be willing to take risks, thus hindering implementation of ideas. In organization where workload is routine and unrealistic expectations are required, it proofs difficult for the creativity to occur, since employee are always occupied with work. New Zealand’s creative industries According to a journal by Fritsch (2008), creativity is seen as a process mostly, other than a product in the earlier years, people used their own skills and to expand. In addition, with the presence of creative process, it leads to creative production and if creative output is emphasized, definitely a creative outcome results, hence leading to an economic success. The creative industries in New Zealand lead to the creation of goods, services, and knowledge in the textile, des ign, fashion, production, art and even in the photography sector. According to Grants et al (2009), the New Zealand creative industries led to 121,000 jobs in 2006; nevertheless, this sector led to increase of incomes, such that, as in 2006, the employee earned about $52,000 per year. A community creates a relationship that encourages the exchange of ideas and risk taking in a business environment. Nevertheless, the relationship in creative industries included a number of elements among them being an idea, which resulted to a process, experience, innovation, and collaboration. Creative industries are a part of Auckland, which is in New Zealand. According to Bruin (2005, pp 143), the creative industries in New Zealand are well acknowledged since it is believed to be a major contributor to the country’s economy. The New Zealand film industry is an example of a creative industry, which has over the years, attained recognition internationally by participating in movie production. For instance, the return of the lords, the whale rider, resulted to winning of an award like the Oscar for the actors, directors, screen artist, and digital animators in 2004. Due to technology, New Zealand has special effects on their productions, hence producing awards of this approach are evident in the innocentive company that broadcasts scientific questions for scientists to solve. Thirdly is the peer-vetted creative production approach, that is applicable in cases where no right answer exists thus, the online community task is find an answer that will respond to the customer’s tastes and preferences. Threadless is one of the companies that use this approach, where assigns a t-shirt design competition to the public. The distributed human intelligence tasking is the final approach, which is used when human intelligence tasks need to be tackled. Crowdsourcing organizations normally apply this approach when a lot of labor is required to organize piles of information in a p articular systematic way. Hence the crowdsourcing organization distributes the data online for the online communities to handle it. Amazon mechanics Turk is a company that allows organizations to hire an online community that can perform human intelligence tasks. However crowdsourcing faces critiques on its functionality, people tend to think that crowdsourcing organizations exploit an individual’s talent for the organization’s benefit; however, the online community participates willingly without being forced to and if any of their ideas win, they are then rewarded (Braham 2011, pp 6). The interaction between the creative industries and the cultural industries Creative industries are yielded from cultural industries. The difference is that the creative industries trend with up-to-date technology as opposed to the cultural industries. The cultural industries emerged in the early years and even then, people were creative as they are today. The creativity within culture i s evident in the way crops were grown from sowing seeds, and meat products were extracted from rearing animal, while wood was retrieved from growing of trees. Therefore, culture mostly relate to the past activities. Some of the cultural industries include broadcasting, internet, music, publishing, advertising, and even marketing industries. Some of the cultural products like the theatres have been modernized to big screen cinema, and in homes, the televisions are used to convey messages. Nevertheless, cultural institutions like the museums are present, thus portraying the past years of culture through exhibition of the old culture and traditions. Such cultural industries normally contribute to the economy of a country via tourism. Creative industries can be seen as a part of the cultural industries, since some cultural industries can be said to be creative in nature. The interaction between these two industries can be seen in this example of the music industry; a songwriter is the o ne who generates a unique idea of a song, â€Å"which is performed by artists in recording studios, then modified and produced by engineers, and then reproduced, marketed and distributed by record labelsâ€Å" (Brabham, 2008). Nevertheless, technology has contributed to creative industries due the easy accessibility of internet that can contribute to the growth of an idea, because of research. However, in the case of music industry where music is recorded on CDs and MP3s nowadays, they are also prone to creative destruction like piracy, thus interfering with the original targeted sales, leading to losses eventually. Nevertheless, these two industries have their differences, the table below explains: Fig 1: Table illustrating the differences between the creative industries and the commercial industries Cultural industries Creative industries Use low technology in its operation They use high technology, in terms of internet. In case of the museums and art gallery, customers n eeds are ranged a secondary. They target customer needs so as to develop They are not commercial at all. Concerned in innovation and entrepreneurship. They mostly focus on education matters like the museums. Their focus is on knowledge and information, so as to develop unique products. Employees in these industry are academics and artists, They employees here are interested in business and are mostly entrepreneurs. Its employees often have acquired high level of knowledge in academics. Technology is not an issue These industries employ employees on the basis of skills and knowledge. And must be familiar with the demanding technology. The employees’ salaries are usually low, since most of their work is based on interest. Employees in this industry are rewarded via money and reputation. The profound point here is that, the creative industries are privately funded and are modernized in contrast to the cultural industries, which mainly belong to a state and are tradi tion-based. Nevertheless, the main challenge that face the creative industry is mainly uncertainty in demand, because the goods produced depend solely on the preference of the customer, therefore, rendering it difficult to estimate the sales to be made. Hence, their main aim is to satisfy a customer, thus hoping that their products will be identified by the customers. Employees in such companies attribute their work to quality of what they produce, since the aim of creative industries is to maximize on their profits. However, product of creative industries differs in terms of quality, symbolism, aesthetics, and styles associated with the product. These industries work against time and therefore must comply with the time given. This usually applies to even their staff. In addition, their products are usually durable, such that they can be used repeatedly; an example is a video game (Puchta et al, 2010 pp 32- 35). Creativity contribution to the cultural industries Cultural industries can be enhance in a creative approach, for instance, by use of architecture and design whereby, through creativity, outstanding buildings can be redesigned and developed, thus emerging as unique and enhance their appearance; this can apply to museums. Secondly, the cultural industries should aim in adopting a creative approach in the marketing and branding area so that they can achieve a competitive advantage, hence be in a position to compete at global level, and even attract local tourists. The cultural industries should be able to embrace technology in their operations, thus being at a competitive advantage since they will be advanced technologically. The lack of commercial experience by the cultural industries, hence the creative entrepreneurs can assist in commercializing these sectors. The goods and products of these two industries vary in terms of ownership. Cultural industry goods are usually state owned thus described as the public goods, which are run by non-profitable org anization, while the creative industries are privately run and their good and services are marketed and distributed to convenient customers. In addition, these industries have to be at a competitive advantage in order to survive in the competitive market. According to Smith (2009, pp 153), the main reason why cultural industries are no longer a concern for visitors is because they seem old fashioned and less fun and attractive, hence people prefer visiting the cinemas, and watching soap operas on the television as a way of spending their leisure time. However, if these old heritages were renovated and a state of modernity is installed, then they would receive many audiences, not only for educational matters but also for leisure purposes. Conclusion Creativity is the source of developments across the world, since it leads to a creative society, which also yields to a creative economy that generates huge profits for its country, and in return provides of job opportunities and developm ent in the society. Without creativity, human beings cannot survive, thus thinking out of the box is what makes nations develop and earn profits. People’s living standards also improve due to creativity, since new source of incomes develop thus providing employment to the society; thus, a relationship between creativity and the society is build. Creativity is however, a major competitive factor in a country, due to the inclusiveness of technology, which is also a key to competition that may positively or negatively affect a product. Since creativity depends on one’s skill or talent, it literally affects the process of production. Creativity yields to external and internal benefits such that the external benefits are evident as an innovative idea while internal benefits of creativity are evident in job satisfaction and a person’s well-being, hence, these factors should be encouraged in organizations. Nevertheless, creativity should be incorporated to the cultural industries to develop them technologically such as good infrastructure, which could include wireless internet in public buildings. Crowdsourcing is evident in creative industries whereby tasks are distributed to the public for experts to tackle them. This practice is very efficient since the crowdsourcing company generates a variety of ideas and chooses the best among them. Though crowdsourcing is criticized for exploiting the community’s ideas, an organization benefits fully from this process and the winning idea is rewarded. The internet has brought about easy accessibility to information and communication has been made easier, effective and fast, thus yielding to many clouds in the community. Cloud culture for instance is a way in which different culture may be expressed, however cloud culture can only contribute to creativity if people are willing to cooperate, share and create information. Culture provides a sense of identity to people while creativity contributes to gr owth as culture stabilizes the society. It is however clear that the internet has benefited the world and made life easier. References Anon. (2011). Creative industries. Retrieved from http://business.newzealand.com/Industries/15245.aspx#apparel. Arnold, A. (2010). Building a creative organization. Business week. Retrieved from businessweek.com/managing/content/sep2010/ca2010091_968396.htm. Braham, D. (2011). Crowdsourcing: A draft on; A Model for Leveraging Online Communities. Retrieved from http://dbrabham.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/brabham_handbook_crowdsourcing.pdf. Brabham, D. (2008). A convergence article; Crowd sourcing as a Model for; Problem Solving. NY: Sage publishing. Bruin, A. (2005). Multi-level entrepreneurship in the creative industries New Zealand’s screen production industry. Retrieved from http://sme-centre.massey.ac.nz/files/deBruinMulit-level_entrepreneurship.pdf. Flew, T. (N.d). Beyond ad hocery: Defining Creative Industries; Media Communication. Creat ive Industries Faculty. Queensland University of Technology. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/256/1/Flew_beyond.pdf. Fritsc, J. (N.d). Can a ‘Communities of Practice’ framework be applied to the creative industries as an identified audience for the VA? Head of Gallery Interpretation, Evaluation Resources, VA. Retrieved from vam.ac.uk/content/journals/research-journal/issue-01/can-a-communities-of-practice-framework-be-applied-to-the-creative-industries-as-an-identified-audience-for-the-v-and-a/. Grant, A. et al. (2009). The creative sector in New Zealand: mapping and economic role: report to New Zealand Trade and Enterprise. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/31133/. Haavisto, V. (N.d). University of Art and Design Helsinki UIAH School of Design. Toward a creative society; embracing the diversity of creativity. Retrieved from etla.fi/files/1253_FES_04_3_towards_a_creative_society.pdf. Hagoort, G., and Kooyman, R. (N.d). Creative Industries. NY: Eburon Uit geverij B.V. Publisher. Henry, C. (2007). Entrepreneurship in the creative industries: an international perspective. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Leadbeater, C. (2010). Cloud culture; the future of global cultural relations. (Attached material). Leadbeater, C. (2010). Cloud culture: the promise and the threat. [2.2.10]. edge foundation Inc publishers. Retrieved from edge.org/3rd_culture/leadbeater10/leadbeater10_index.html. Montgomery, L. (2011). Chinas Creative Industries: Copyright, Social Network Markets and the Business of Culture in a Digital Age. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Potts, J. et al. (2008). Social network markets: a new definition of the creative industries Journal of Cultural Economics; Volume 32, Number 3 / September 167-185. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18071/2/18071.pdf. Puchta, D. et al. (2010). The Berlin Creative Industries. Berlin: Gabler Verlag Publisher. Queensland University of technology. (N.d). what are the Creative Industries? Retriev ed from creativeindustries.qut.edu.au/about/what-are-the-creative-industries/ Schmit, G. (N.d). Can Creativity Be Crowd sourced? New Tools and Technology Force Big Changes in the Ad Industry. Ad Age Digital. Retrieved from http://adage.com/article/digitalnext/tools-technology-force-big-ad-industry/136019/. Simpson, M. (N.d). The Importance of Creativity on Our Global Society and in Today’s Educational System; Baylor University. Retrieved from wfate.org/papers/Power_and_Influence_of_the_Right_Brain.pdf Smith, M. (2009). Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies. Second edition. London: Taylor Francis Publisher. UK trade and investment. (N.d). Creative and media sector in New Zealand. Retrieved from www.ukti.gov.uk//Creative%20sector%20in%20New%20Zealand.pdf.html.

Ancient Philosophical Orientations essays

Ancient Philosophical Orientations essays Considering the events that occurred in the United States recently, the mathematical and humanistic orientation should be used to advise the U.S. citizens and help them deal with their problems. The mathematical orientation attempted to move from the material level to a general principle for all life. Pythagoras formulated this orientation. He stated that we know the world through our......................... Hippocrates was also a mathematician. He claimed that unity of numbers is the basis of life. The people in the U.S. could use this orientation. Firstly, it is stated that the world is distorted and artificial, this can be clearly seen in what occurred on the 11th of September. The distortions of this world are easily noticed and humans can sense them through our sense impressions. Through our senses we know the world. Secondly, it states that a more permanent reality exists in underlying relationships. The U.S. citizens should create those kinds of relationships to make themselves stronger and use their reasoning to get through this terrible situation. They can also follow Hippocrates, who states that the unity in numbers is the basis of life. If the U.S. people could stick together they would be able to deal with their problems together, which will make their problems easier to deal with. Americans should start believing that there is power in unity. Under the mathematical orientation it is also stated that humans beings should focus on perfection in their lives. They should try to live perfect lives. Perfection can only be developed by the perceptions that we create of the world. If we want to live perfect lives we can rise above the destruction and distortions in the world and become perfect ourselves. Therefore, Americans should rise above all the destruction that terrorists are creating in their lives, and try to get back on track and adjust to their lives as it is now. ...

The Effective Use of Common Experience in The Lottery and Araby Essay

The Effective Use of Common Experience in The Lottery and Araby - Essay Example Both writers use recognizable situations and characters as effective tools, but in vastly different ways. Jackson uses typical characters and settings to deceive the reader into a complacence which is rudely shattered by the unexpected ending. On the other hand, in Araby, Joyce contrasts the commonplace situations and characteristics of the secondary characters with the uncommon emotions of the protagonist. In both cases, the reader is able to identify with the commonplace characters and situations in the narratives: this is the major contributing factor that has made The Lottery and Araby stand the test of time. Jackson sets her short story in an ordinary, commonplace village, and peoples it with typical, recognizable characters, with whom the reader can easily identify. This effectively serves to intensify the uncommon horror of the ritualistic stoning of Mrs. Hutchinson at the climax. The characters are reassuringly familiar: Mr. Summer, whose â€Å"wife was a scold,† and O ld Man Warner who shows the senior citizens’ resistance to change. The casual gathering of the people in the village square in the â€Å"warmth of a full-summer day† , the children at play, the everyday conversations taking place: the children talking of school, the women gossiping, the men â€Å"speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes†, the cheerful banter surrounding Mrs. Hutchinson’s late arrival – all these are shared experiences that lull the reader into complacency.

Contraception Mandate in ACA , American policy Essay

Contraception Mandate in ACA , American policy - Essay Example alue issues that these interest groups have against the contraception mandate and consider the best way to reconcile the mandate with those value issues (Persily, 2013). Using a problem framing approach, I would start by identifying the problem through gathering data on the different views of people who support, and who do not support the mandate and from those who have expert knowledge on the issue. In this first step of problem framing, I would seek to establish the conditions created by the problem such as fear that the government is overstepping its constitutional rights and mandate. Additionally, my coverage would assess whether the problem is drawing from the statement of the mandate. I would determine the goals of the initiative and how well these goals have been understood by the opposing groups. I would determine the urgency of the problem for example by looking at stipulated timeline of the mandate and the potential benefits that those opposed to it could miss. I would close my problem framing with both short-term and long-term objectives of viable solutions (Persily, 2013). Using the domains approach, I would cover the way different dimensions interplay in the occurrence of the contention on contraception mandate. In the legal domain, I would consider how the mandate touches on areas such as reproductive health rights, the bill of human rights, and freedom of religion. In the religious domain, I would consider the doctrinal elements of different religious and denominations that are opposed to the mandate. The economic domain is also coming in as an integral domain because some of those opposed to the mandate are employers. I would cover the role of the medical domain to the issue of contraception mandate (Persily, 2013). After covering the story from the aforementioned approaches, I would conclude by looking the viable solutions to the opposition faced by the contraception mandate. One of the solutions that resolve the opposition against the