Saturday, August 31, 2019

Chick-Fil-a Market-Oriented Strategy

Case Study: Chick-fil-A â€Å"Eat Mor Chikin† (Except on Sundays) 1. Chick- fil-A is following several market-oriented strategies that differentiate it from its competitors. Looking at page 33, a marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix. Its primary target market is more adult and female as it is offering mainly chicken products: â€Å"healthier† alternative to hamburgers. They also advertise using high-quality ingredients. Following this strategy, Chick-fil-A is mainly located in malls and in neighborhoods that have high concentration of its target customers.Chick- fil-A also positions itself as a strong Christian company and closes its stores on Sundays. It creates an emotional connection with local communities by supporting local schools, churches, and organizations. Chick- fil-A also differentiates itself from other fast food restaurants by offering a one of a kind experience by focusing on a strong commitment to customer service, making customers feel like they are in a fancy establishment. It does so thr ough intensive training and customer surveys. It also is targeting small children by offering educational books in its kid’s meal while fulfilling its social responsibility2.The political environment can affect the marketing strategies implemented by Chick-fil-A. Dan Cathy recently said that Chick-fil-A supported the â€Å"biblical definition of the family unit†. While this single statement crystallized its position in the market, rallied its loyalists, and started a national conversation, it did not go so well with Disney, which booted Chick-fil-A off its grounds. I can imagine that it would not go so well in states, which are less religious and more spiritual.3. Chick- fil-A believes in achieving greater quality before expanding, and has so far been mostly located in the South while slowly expanded to other states.While closing on Sunday is a competitive advantage in the South, I don’t believe it would be in States in the North East and out West, where religio n is less prevalent and spiritually more pervasive.4. I don’t think other retailers should consider closing stores on Sunday unless they are primarily located in the South and are planning on staying local. In that case, I would recommend calculating the expected sales and costs over 5 years for each scenario and see which one is more beneficial.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Marketing: Toyota Prius Essay

1. What micro-environmental factors affected both the first generation and second generation models of Toyota Prius? How well has to Toyota dealt with these factors? To readers of this problem have an important starting point the definition of micro-environment. This term is a factor in the marketing environment, its problems, in one way or another, affect the ability of the company, close and direct way to serve its customers. This includes, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, shareholders, employees and the media, including the factors. With this in mind, it may be the security status of the micro-environmental factors affect the first and second-generation Toyota Prius customers and competitors.Consumers, natural gas prices, are looking for answers to their prayers. Toyota to give them the answer, the vehicle will allow people to save gas, and provide a good, efficient service. The first generation Prius was released, though not too beautiful or strange, it provides to its will and customer purchase.Other factors, competitors, it is obvious. Everyone wants to share. Honda and other auto manufacturers have begun to develop and / or implementation of the hybrid system on some of their vehicles. Toyota’s answer is the continuous development has been the success of the Prius. Developed and released the second generation. This is a new generation of more fuel-efficient. It also includes the more technology advances, more space, and other factors, will allow all types of customers are interested in. 2. Outline the major macro-environmental factors – demographic, economic, natural, political and cultural – that have affected the Prius sales. How well Toyota dealt with each of these factors? Macro-environmental factors of the microenvironment of the impact of larger social forces. Some of these factors is the demographic, economic, natural, technological, political and cultural forces. With that said, I believe that the macro-environmental factors that affect the Prius sales forces of nature in a positive way. Now, it would not be fair if I did not mention the strength and economy. Therefore, a car, save gas, which means that also contribute to pollution. Technological progress is the basis of the possible Prius, this second generation for the better. The first generation is a considerable based on second-generation release more tools and additional. Natural gas prices continued to increase non-stop.The facts will affect the sales of the Prius, especially in the sport utility vehicle (SUV) driven society. Macro-environmental factors Demographics Demographics is the other statistical aspects of human society, the size, location, gender, or race. Based on these factors, the organizations to develop a marketing plan for potential customers. Economics Basically, economics is the study of how society choose to use its resources. I believe that the factors that contribute to government and other entities to provide incentives for the purchase of vehicles such as the Prius. Growing desire to protect the environment, the impact of many industries, in our case, the transport sector. Toyota made ​​the right step to produce its Natural The macro-environment factors, including the use of natural resources, in order to improve the clients’ interests. â€Å"Green† is to sell these days. The community has a great interest and feel very positive to save the planet.Toyota’s marketing team in a very positive way to use such factors as the vehicle to cause a stir. Technology Well, after all, what society is these days, all the technological progress does not? New technologies are constantly touch the community. Technology to improve existing products and new opportunities. Toyota is the use of technology to make customers aware of upcoming vehicles. It uses tools such as the Internet to distribute brochures and all types of Prius its pre-release information. Political what is community government and the law? Forces, no doubt, connected to the economy. Toyota and other car manufacturers have access to people who are willing to buy a hybrid vehicle tax and other incentives. If other forces did not cause any interest, which will certainly be. So now you can save gas, you can also save tax. In addition, in some cases, you are allowed to driving the HOV line, even if only one person driving. Culture Demographic forces will set in. Toyota’s strategy is likely to be the best time to hit the social base of interested customers. The high price of natural gas to drive a vehicle is not economical. The society is a solution to the need for change and Toyota. 3. Evaluate Toyota’s marketing strategy so far. What has Toyota done well? How might it improve its strategy? Product-The re-launch of the product better and attractive features than its previous version, including its appearance and internal characteristics. Price-Second, the price to remain competitive, helping the company to maintain the advantage over their competitors, and maintain its customer profitability. Place-the products by the market, in this sense, it is available showroom on the Internet easily. Customers to make informed decisions, provide detailed site and personal assistance by a trained agent. They can also share their experiences through chat rooms such as the Prius envy, Promotions-the ComExtensive marketing activities, and through television (Discovery Channel, MSNBC, history and the Learning Channel, etc.), billboards, car magazines (Newsweek, Vanity Fair far) heavy promotional activities, newspapers, leaflets, along withemotional banners and environment al appeal Toyota as market leader itself In my opinion, and according to the situation, Toyota has brought a new product with a strong marketing strategy. I think the only problem is that the target range of vehicles is limited. The first generation Prius is a very simple and basic. It did not provide a standard these days all these benefits in a number of vehicles and tools. The other hand, the second generation has brought many changes, especially technological progress. It also includes a little more luxury, better style. This time, in my opinion, Toyota, carry more electricity marketing strategy that, more types of consumers. I think that Toyota is moving in the right direction in its marketing strategy greetings. In addition, the Prius seems to be technological progress is greatly enhanced. It is not only running the miles per gallon, but it also makes people interested in gadgets, fully. Toyota has a few of their vehicles lead in the automotive market is not a myth. Prius entire team, including its marketing group is doing a great job when it comes to development and advocacy. 4. GM’s marketing director for new ventures, Ken Stewart, says "if you want to get a lot of hybrids on the road, you put them in vehicles that people are buying now." This seems to summarize the U.S. auto makers’ approach to hybrids. Would you agree with Mr. Stewart? Why or why not? Recall back the 1970s Arab oil embargo. Once the Americans are scared, gas rationing and prices, they bought a lot of small cars. Since then, they have switched to buy a bigger car than they buy the oil embargo (SUVs). Basically, most Americans like big cars. Large, and we want room. Therefore, Stewart has a point. Given the large share of the market for large vehicles (cars and trucks), has been arrested, hybrid sales will be greater, if they are large vehicles, rather than small. (Large vehicles have a greater market share, if you add the SUV, van, truck sales together.) If the company’s goal is to sell more hybrid model has a high price tag (which may create a more of pro fits), then his argument makes sense. However, SUVs and trucks are usually performance vehicles, so people want to know if a hybrid car (for example) is a contradiction. Consumers believe that a truck or a Jeep hybrid is a big, tough vehicles? To promote these vehicles tend to emphasize through the rugged terrain and hairpin turn around the performance, speed, toughness, driving. Clearly, Toyota is considered most likely to respond to these calls consumers are those who buy smaller cars. So far, they have been successfully selling their own cars, but they still do not sell a lot of impact to their bottom line. The market may not at this time, large. I believe I will agree with Mr. Stewart. It is a fact, people are buying cars, because they like or need them, rather than because of gas efficiency. Now, if you add the gas efficiency of the factors, it may encourage consumers. In my opinion, the Prius is one of the ugliest car I’ve ever seen. I would buy it the fact that, will save gas? I would not buy it, is not only ugly, but it does not meet the purpose and taste. Now, if we are talking about the SUV Universal Tahoe, I think it might be of interest. Not only as SUVs, but it also looks good, and help me save gas and environmental contributions. Prius, although the very economy of natural gas may not be the best car of a six House. Therefore, there are other options is based on the same concept may be very useful Toyota or any car.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Africas Slow Growth And Development Politics Essay

Africas Slow Growth And Development Politics Essay This paper examines the causes of slow growth and development of Africa with emphasis on some selected countries. The paper argued on the basis of Madison’s (1995:65) estimates of per capital Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) for a sample of countries that, during the first half of the century, Africa had grown considerably more rapidly than Asia. By 1950, the African sample had overtaken the Asian sample. In the 1960s, Africa’s future looked bright, especially that the continent was gradually disengaging from the bondage of colonial imperialism. But today, Africa is the poorest continent in the world. While there has been a steady growth in countries of Asia, such as Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, African states have lagged behind. Why is African development growing slowly? What went wrong in Africa? How can these problems be solved? This paper attempts to provide answers to some of the fundamental issues that have bedeviled the continent in the 21st century. In order to assess the level of growth and development in the continent, the concepts of ‘growth and development’ is critically examined within the confines of Africa in the paper. The paper attributed the slow growth and development of Africa to ‘Internal influences and external dimensions’. At the same time, the paper provides some plausible suggestions that would serve as a panacea to the problems militating against the growth and development of Africa. Introduction From what direction should one view the slow growth and development of Africa: is it from the perspective of bad leadership couple with wide spread corruption? Or is it that of policy failure, or geographic and demographic factors? Africa as well as the rest of the world is battling with this provocative question: Why does Africa continue to lag behind the rest of the world in terms of social and economic development? Mathew Paris writing in Times August (2002), believes the answer to the co ntinent’s development problem lies in four simple words: †swagger, Indolence, self indulgence and hot air †he points out †failure of leadership, the individual means that what is created or started is not maintained. Further more, it has also been argued that after 1960, particularly when majority of the countries in the continent gained political freedom, the potential of governments were not responsive to the people’s needs, aspirations and wishes, Mathew Parris (2002). The dream were shattered due to bad leadership, corruption, wars, poverty and eventually, economic underdevelopment. Could this entire unfortunate phenomenon be considered as factors militating against the growth and development of Africa? In terms of structure and for the purpose of understanding and clarity of the main thrust of this article, we have divided the paper into four parts. The first part focuses on the interpretation and application of the terms ‘growth and develo pment’ as concepts of analysis. It is necessary to understand that the two concepts were used based on what the paper takes them to be. Perhaps the greatest weakness in the literature of social sciences is striking lack of precision with which terms are used and under the conditions they are studied. However, a clear distinction between growth and development is explained in this part. The second part discusses African perspective. The rich complex of minerals, ecological hung provided by the continent, the continent’s archeological sites and the richness of African culture and its contribution to global community is captured in the first part. The third part investigates the causes of the slow growth and development in Africa. On this part different explanations were presented to justify the strength of points on the topic under review. However, few examples of some selected countries were cited. The fourth part poses a fundamental question: whether or not Africa will ever grow and develop? Perhaps, this is the greatest challenge to African leaders in the 21st century whose time has come. While the final section concentrates on the concluding remarks. This part provides some plausible suggestions that would change the predicaments in Africa, at least if not all, some parts of it.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Diamonds Industry of South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Diamonds Industry of South Africa - Essay Example It discusses the cartel's behavior during the apartheid era, specifically its observance of human rights and corporate responsibility under a fascist and racist regime. Chapter V discusses the agreement reached between the ANC government and the De Beers cartel on the status of diamond mines and mining industry in South Africa, and how the cartel can help in the country's development program. It also contains recommendations on how the agreement can help in promoting black economic empowerment, and economic and political democratisation throughout South Africa. De Beers is a monopoly and the cartel of the diamond world. Monopoly is a term that translates literally into "single seller,"1 which means a corporation that dominates the production and distribution of a particular service or product (such as diamonds). There are various forms of monopolies and a cartel is just one of them. A cartel (such as De Beers) is a formal or informal group of corporations that have agreed to avoid and minimise non-productive or destructive competition among them in order to dominate the market and maximise profits. that maximum strictly, to avoid flooding the market with products which usually results in a decrease of their prices. To guarantee their profits, members of the cartel can either agree on a common product price for their entire area of operation or set up local Diamonds of South Africa 4 monopolies where they may or may not apply a common price structure.2 The price is of course higher than what it would be if production was not regulated by the cartel, and if prices were determined, not by the cartel, but by genuine competition and the interests of the consumer. De Beers for instance set an artificially high price for its diamonds despite the fact that there was already a large supply of diamonds in the mines of South Africa (which were discovered as early as 1867) and other African countries. The supply increased astronomically following the discovery of mines in Russia, Canada and Australia. De Beers kept prices high by cultivating the myth that diamonds are valuable and scarce and should be priced accordingly. The cartel has not lowered the prices of its diamonds in its entire existence. Many countries have legislated against price fixing cartels to encourage competition, which theoretically should lower prices and improve product quality. The European Diamonds of South Africa 5 Commission, in its 2005 Report on Competition Policy, proclaimed that "(c)ompetition is crucial for the whole partnership for growth and jobs."3 In fact, "the fight against international price-fixing and market-sharing cartels has become a top political priority in Europe."4 B. The Birth of De Beers De Beers can be viewed as an exceptionally innovative and long-lived cartel. On the other hand, it has been criticised and even condemned as "the most

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

DISCUSS THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE ATTITUDES AN INDIVIDUAL MIGHT Essay

DISCUSS THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE ATTITUDES AN INDIVIDUAL MIGHT ESPOUSE AND HIS OR HER BEHAVIOUR - Essay Example There appear to be two sides but the point where one side begins and the other side ends is not as divided as being drawn in by a straight line. It’s like traveling without actually leaving because your finger goes around but you end up where you began. The same idea goes for attitudes and behavioral choices we take. What catapults us to choose left over right and vice versa or doing right or wrong and evidently choosing one over the two? What leads an individual to act and think as he does and then act and think differently altogether? In understanding this, the working definitions which will ultimately set the pace for us in this article need to be clarified for purposes of discussion. Motivation and behavior, although loosely used in conversational English and interchanged conveniently, are two very different words in the study of psychology. Motivation is a goal-oriented behavior that varies in intensity and persistence, meaning we do the things we do because of a need to do it with reasons ranging from the logical to becoming illogical. It’s like eating because of hunger or plainly because its time to eat. People need people. Why? Because there is so much in us that craves approval, justification and belief that we find it in other people as well. It shapes us as the person we think we can be. And it leads us in bettering ourselves when we get the approval we want. Which is behavior†¦ it is then safe to assume that behavior gets us where we need to be but we need motivation to drive us to our desti nation. It is then imperative that we ask ourselves what comprises us to make the choices we do and what factors come into play that makes us the person we are. This is where social influence, norms and roles come into the fray. What moves us? Social Influence in the handouts highlights the source of the choices we make which is the influence of other people for our modified behavior. The amount of influence or behavior is significant

Monday, August 26, 2019

Friendship and Aristotle Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Friendship and Aristotle - Term Paper Example He identifies three types of friendships: utility, pleasure and virtue. True friendship is the disposition, between two or more individuals without any motivated desires. Like true love, friendship is unconditional. The model of the best friendship that Aristotle outlines in the Nichomachean Ethics is based upon virtue. Aristotle writes, â€Å"when everyone strains to achieve what is fine and concentrates on the finest actions, everything that is right will be done for the common good, and each person individually will receive the greatest of good, since that is the character of virtue† (147). From the lowest step of the ladder that is the individual friendship, Aristotle takes friendship to great heights of the levels of country and state and asserts that friendship is the finest and significant virtue an individual can own and at the highest and the perfect level it has the aura of spirituality which is the ultimate goal of humankind. Friendship is like the colors of the rai nbow. Just like white is the base of the seven colors of rainbow, there are different types of friends as per the demand of the situation and places like school, work, church, home and other secular activities. Aristotle’s basic formula of friendship is ingrained in sincerity. He paints friendship with the broadest connotation possible to highlight its importance. Friendship with motivated desires, related to utility and pleasure will not last long because secular desires have an element of perishability. Friendship co-exists with virtue. If not, it will lead to conflicts and end soon. In the broad sense, friendship motivates government officials to work in a congenial atmosphere for the greater good of the nation. Aristotle’s inspiration to describe in depth the virtues of friendship is derived from the Greek word philia which has a bigger connotation than friendship in its limited sense. Philia embraces within its ambit every kind of friendship like

Sunday, August 25, 2019

The theoretical framework of social marketing Essay

The theoretical framework of social marketing - Essay Example (Canada Health, 2005) Social marketing is not a new concept it has been around for a long time in one form or the other. Ever since there have been societies people have tried to persuade, inform, motivate and some how gain acceptance for their ideas and hence bring about a change. But social marketing was first introduced as a discipline in 1970 by Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman when they realized that the same marketing principles and strategies used to sell products can be used to sell and promote ideas, attitudes and behaviors. Kotler emphasized that the only difference between marketing and social marketing was that in social marketing the aim is not to maximize the benefit for the seller but to bring about a social change. (Weinreich, 2006) Six basic principles of social management set it apart it from other marketing approaches. Firstly the marketing conceptual frame work is intended to bring about a change that is the ultimate goal of marketing is to influence an action. Secondly there should be recognition of competition as recommended behaviors almost always have competition that should be understood and addressed. Thirdly there is a consumer orientation which is the focus on meeting the needs of one's consumers. Fourthly seminal research is to be used to identify with consumer's desires and needs that is programs will be more successful if they are based on the target audience's own perceptions and views. Fifthly there is to be a segmentation and careful selection of the target audience as audiences are rarely consistent in their perceptions or likely responses to marketing efforts and thus should be separated. And sixthly there is to be constant monitoring and modification of program tactics as the market is cons tantly changing and the management should be ready to rapidly adjust and alter its strategies. (Social Marketing Institute, n.d) Social marketing relies on the commercial marketing's conceptual frame work to guide program development and implementation. This frame work places the consumer at the heart of the exchange process where they try to maximize their wants and needs and minimize their costs of doing so. There fore social marketing identifies consumer wants and needs and tries to develop ways to satisfy them. In other words social marketing focuses on the consumer and tries to learn what the consumer wants and thus attempts to provide for the his or her needs. The planning process takes this consumer focus into account by concentrating on the elements of the marketing mix. This refers to the Ps of social marketing which incorporate the four Ps of marketing which are price, product, place and promotion as well as a few others. (Meischke, n.d) The first "P" is the social marketing product which might not always be in physical form. Products can be tangible such as condoms, ideas such as environment protection, habits or practices such as healthy eating and even services such as regular medical check ups or exams. For the product to be effective the consumers have to identify the fact that they have a problem and that the product offers a good solution to that problem. Here research can be used to determine the consumer's perception of their problem and how willing they are to solve that problem. (Weinreich, 2006) The second "P" is price which refers to what the consumers

The Use of STRCODIS in Sexual Assault Investigations Essay

The Use of STRCODIS in Sexual Assault Investigations - Essay Example As the online newsletter site Silent Witness Newsletter written by the American Prosecutors Research Institute, provide the relationship between STR and DNA as: All animals and plants are composed of a collection of specialized cells that have varied roles and functions. Despite their different functions, all human cells (except mature red blood cells) have a nucleus that houses deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is the building block of life. Its structure, often described as a twisting ladder, consists of two long strands of sugar and phosphates forming the sides of the ladder, and pairs of nucleotides forming the rungs. DNA nucleotides (called "bases") come in only four types: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). Each strand of DNA contains nearly 3 billion base pairs and would stretch to nearly five feet long if uncoiled. CODIS has "been a revolutionary tool for law enforcement in that it enables investigators to compare evidentiary samples found at a crime scene with DNA samples collected from known convicted offenders." (APRI, 1999). Through the utilization of both DNA typing and housing these samples inside CODIS, law enforcement agencies have put many criminals away and has reduced the wait time on identifying samples from crime scenes by referencing the database. Background Information Since the pilot project of CODIS in 1990 begin with 12 states, it has become an important crime solving tool for police departments for both recent cases involving the criminal element as well as an effective tool for cold case detectives. This technology also allows detectives and prosecutors the opportunity to review controversial cases where convictions have been suspect, but, where DNA analysis was not available at the time of trial. Arguments for DNA Collection in Court Cases One of the most important aspects of collecting DNA and STR analysis information is with respect to how much it provides to the identification and arrest of criminals and Examples do exist of the power of both technology and organizational innovation to improve performance and effectiveness. In 1996 the Broward County Sheriff's Office crime lab in Fort Lauderdale had a backlog of less than 1 percent of the overall caseload, analyzing evidence from low priority property crimes and cases in which no suspect has been identified (Schwabe, Davis, and Jackson 76) As technology advances there is a need for the DNA/STR analysis to be a commonality in the courtroom to ensure both validity and culpability. There are many cases in the past where DNA evidence would have been extremely important to have in the courtroom if only to provide proof of criminal activity. There is also a problem whereby DNA evidence has proven to be a downfall for the prosecution in their effort to introduce it as evidence of a defendant's culpability. The most serious of these situations was through the infamous case of O.J. Simpson in 1993 where forensic evidence including DNA evidence proved

Saturday, August 24, 2019

The meaning and influence to Amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The meaning and influence to Amazon - Essay Example The meaning of leadership at Amazon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 4.1 Strengths of leadership styles at Amazon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 4.2 Weakness of leadership styles at Amazon †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 5. Reflection of leadership and its strategies at Amazon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 6. Organizational leadership and the effectiveness of the organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 7. Leadership style of Amazon company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......12 8. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......14 9. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 1. Executive summary Organizational success depends on effective leadership styles such as autocratic, lazier faire and democratic leadership, transformational leadership is the most effective in attaining organizational shared objectives. Leadership refers to the act of articulating a shared vision and influencing the efforts of the followers towards attainment of shared organizational goals. Leadership structures at Amazon Company can be identified by two specific concepts personal and the organizational. With respect to the two factors above, Amazon Company mainly concentrates on long-term benefits of the firm. Besides, the orga nizational leaders’ acts on behalf of the entire company not only within their areas of interests but are also expected to extend the assistance across the branches without limiting their operations around their roles. Amazon has skilled leaders who focus on achieving the long-term benefits despite the pressure from competitors like wall mart and other rival firms. Amazon, an online seller is very much pessimistic to the roles played by its leaders and this has led the organization to embrace the Kotters framework of confidentiality in management. The CEO Mr. Bezos had set the in initial leeway that organizational success is unsustainable without ethical code of conduct. Moreover, he articulated that leadership factor indicates a direct strategy to the success at Amazon Company due to leadership style that is very much particular to a significant effect on performance on both the employees and the organizational productivity. The type of leadership that is practiced at Amazon is termed as participative or democratic. Through this leadership style, all members of the organization are recognized as partisans to the decision making process, this helps in determining what is perceived to be right concerning the organizational development. 2. Introduction All forms of organizations recognize leadership as a vital aspect for their success. With respect to this, leadership therefore acts as a crucial link that instigates change amongst the members of the organization. Several articles have pointed out that leadership influences the efforts of followers in the organization by acting as an element that binds all the stakeholders towards the specific goals and objectives of the organization. Even though leadership styles may vary, all organizational leaders must poses some specific characteristics that aims in changing the entire organization with the main perspective of ensuring sustainable output development. For somebody to be branded as a good leader then, he must poses distinct roles that that can be used as

Friday, August 23, 2019

Crisis analysis- major assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crisis analysis- major assessment - Essay Example There are important areas that have been focused on this subject. Knowing the informational content is a vital responsibility for any crisis communication. Informational content basses on the following principles; what do the authorities know concerning the crisis? What is it that they want people to consent? And how are they going to deliver the information to the people accordingly?. Media also is another based area of concern. The primary task that the management ask themselves is that how will they get their content from them into the minds of the public. Another based field is the assessment of the audience. From the study of the past years, it reveals that a successful progress in crisis communication has been a sector that is growing bearing in mind that not all people are intelligent (Jaques 2007). Due to variations in knowledge, values, and emotions, it gives the assessors very tough time in giving out the information. Basing on what, do they need to reach the people, what they have in their mind already and the effect that will arise the moment they are told about the crisis? Involving the audience also is another aspect that needs to be put into concern. Targeting a deliverable communication at the two-way end and the mode that they need to keep immediate audience active is their worry. Self-assessment gives self-examination on the effect of values, emotions, and political problems relating to crisis management (Coombs 2009). From the definition approaches, there have not been good levels of agreement that demonstrate critically what is a crisis and what the issue is in management. Many writers have analyzed problem management, and it was found to lack clarity. Crisis, on the other hand, has been hard to be defined indecently without the placement of crisis management. The illustration of this by individual scholars shows a thesis that identify a frequent

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Google in China Essay Example for Free

Google in China Essay Google is the fastest growing Internet search engine company. Google’s mission is â€Å"to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.†(International Business: Competing in the Global marketplace, pg 148-149) They have a mantra of â€Å"Don’t be Evil.† Google started this mantra to be the main message to show consumers they would not compromise the integrity of its search results. This case reviews the situation under which Google was required to censor its content and chose to launch its new search engine site. The case explains the role of the Chinese government and its regulations in the Internet market which had a negative effect on Googles operations in China. In 2000, Google started a Chinese language service. This service was operated from the United States. Chinese authorities blocked the site in 2002 because China censors information to their citizens. This block surprised Google’s managers. This was a challenge the managers did not plan on. If they done their research of the Chinese Government and culture prior to launching the Chinese language service, they would have known the block would be inevitable and they could have tailored their service to the Chinese regulations, culture, and laws. Google knew China was an advantageous business and they would need to adapt their service in order for it to be acceptable and profitable. Google also had to move the Chinese operations to China. Operating from the United States caused slow connection speed and hinder their operation and growth. This was a good move because it enabled Google to employee Chinese citizens who would be able to help understand and adapt to the Chinese laws, regulations, and censorship demands. Google managers made a mistake by not researching their target market. However, they acted quickly in learning and correcting this mistake. Google still offered Chinese citizens a better search engine, but it was not without censorship. The Google search engine offers more results than its competitors, Yahoo, Microsoft’s MSN, and China’s own company, Baidu. Google states Chinese consumers will â€Å"get more information on their site, though not quite all of it.† (International Business: Competing in the Global marketplace, pg 148-149) In 2006, Google had 30 percent share of China’s internet search engines. Baidu had 40 percent. This left another 30 percent split between Yahoo and Microsoft’s MSN search engines. These percentages are good, especially when one considers Yahoo and Microsoft had entered the Chinese search engine market prior to Google. Baidu has several advantages over Google that are mostly associated with it being a Chinese based company, the search engine has â€Å"competence in pinpointing queries in the Chinese language† (Yin Yulin, 2010, p. 4). Government relations with China are precarious for businesses effectiveness. Google did not have a clear understanding of what they would be involved in. China has become more supported and self-assured due to its increasing economic significance. They are more reluctant to be pressed by Western governments or companies into changing its long term regulations and censorship. Because of this aspect, China does not yet comprehend global strategies and the importance of global public relations. This causes them to be more rigid in their international business dealings. All-in-all, Google has been able to grow successfully in the Chinese search engine market and maintain the number two spot (behind Baidu) in China despite their lack of early research on the Chinese culture, governmental regulations, and laws. References International Business. Competing in the Global Marketplace, Seventh Edition, Chapter 3: Differences in Culture ISBN: 9780073381343 Author: Charles W. L. Hill copyright  © 2009 McGraw-Hill, a business unit of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

The Agrotourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay

The Agrotourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay Agrotourism is also known as agritourism and farm-based tourism. Agrotourism is actually the collaborations between tourism and agriculture since the visitor go to travelling as tourist to enjoy, relaxation, spend time and money for joyfullness and happiness in addition to visiting agricultural area, doing agricultural-related activities like harvesting, planting, fishing, and etc. It is a form of tourism in agricultural areas such as orchards, agroforestry farms, herbal farms and animal farms. According to World Tourism Organisation (WTO, 2002) that agrotourism is part of rural tourism and relates to tourism on farms. It gives farmers the opportunities to expand their activities and also to increase their income. Agrotourism is just a small part of rural tourism and agricultural practice worldwide, excluding in some European countries such as Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland, where the number of farms that offer some form of tourism is remarkably large. Agrotourism has differe nt definitions in different parts of the world. In Italy, it refers to farmstays. However in other parts of the world, agrotourism includes a wide range of activities which comprises of buying produce direct from a farm stand, navigating a corn maze, picking fruits, feeding animals or staying at a BB (bed and breakfast inn) on a farm. Agrotourism covers a wide range of agriculture-related activities about which visitors learn and can try them out by themselves. In ASEAN countries like Thailand, rice farming, flower growing, vegetable and herb cultivation and livestock farming are some common examples of agrotourism. Agrotourists or visitors are exposed to agricultural practices in a more leisure fashion, such as by joining picturesque canal tours or strolling through shady fruit orchards (tasting the fruits right from the trees) and working in rice farms. Almost all the agricultural research and study centres scattered throughout the country are supporting the agrotourism. Visitors are allowed to tour the centres, watch the demonstrations or take part in the hands on activities. Agrotourism and ecotourism are also closely-related. Agrotourism is when a native person or locals of the area offer the tours to their agriculture farm to allow a person to view them growing, harvesting and processing locally grown foods such as coconuts, pineapple, sugar cane, corn or any produce the person would not encounter in their home country. The farmers would also offer a homestay programme and education for the visitors. Activities that usually be offered to agrotourists or visitors: Opportunities for interaction between hosts and guests (visitors) Horseback riding Demonstrating and participating in daily farm work Providing courses in organic farming and gardening Demonstrating or offering classes in making traditional local crafts Demonstrating food processing, serving typical local dishes and offering cooking lessons Organising cultural events Offering excursions to natural and cultural attractions in the surroundings Exhibitions of agrotourist products Agrotourism in many European countries consists primarily of lodging and meals on the farm. Farm buildings are often remodeled by the farm families into rustic lodging facilities, and operate them as a type of bed and breakfast (BB) inn. Some farms especially in Switzerland, do little more than clean out a barn and spread straw on the floor, upon which people roll out sleeping bags. Other farms will provide fairly upscale accommodations for the visitors. Visitors are also able to tour the farms, help out with some farm chores and have meals with the farm family. Invariably, they experience life on the farm genuinely. In England, 23% of farms provide some type of commercial leisure service enterprise such as fishing, nature trails, picnic sites and so forth whereas 24% of English farms provide overnight accommodation and/or catering (Turner and Winter, 2003). In countries like France, hikers and cyclists can follow a network of trails around the country that leads from farm to farm. In the Netherlands and some other European countries, the farmers have centralized clearinghouses for contacting and booking stays services on working farms. Agrotourism, while new to many types of American agriculture, has been a major part of the development of the American wine industry for decades. Many wineries are part of organized regional wine tours, and some special events such as concerts, festivals, and weddings are also held for attractions. And another form of agrotourism that has been around for decades is dude ranches. Dude ranches are more common in the United States and Australian Outback. It offers vi sitors the opportunity to work on cattle ranches and the chance to take part in the cattle drives. In Australia, Canada and the Philippines, agrotourism is deemed as a growth industry. Reynolds (2005) mentions that agrotourism is a type of businesses conducted by farmers whose working agricultural operations for the enjoyment and education of visitors. Since it can complement farmers income and contribute to local economic development, agrotourism is being conceptualized as a business model in terms of product diversification. Referred to as agriturismo in Italy, sleeping in the straw in Switzerland, farmstays in New Zealand, and farm holidays in England, agrotourism is well established throughout Europe and in many other countries (Rilla, 1999a). Agrotourism enterprise as a business conducted by a farm operator or farmer for the enjoyment and education of the public beside promoting the products of the farm, and generating additional farm income (Hilchey, 1993:4). Although the farmers may not always have the time, moneys and necessary skills and expertise to develop the tourism p otential of their business, agriculture and public sector tourism organizations are always promoting agrotourism (Stephen J. and Getz, Don (eds)). Trends of Agrotourism Agrotourism was recognized as a part of ecotourism formerly as both have similar principles to conduct nature attractions (Rilla 1999). Both have been identified as the fastest tourism development model in the world. They have been widely developed in developing countries as a potential development models as natural resources and support of local society economically (OTA, 1992). At the moment, agrotourism has successfully developed in many countries, for instance Switzerland, New Zealand, France, Netherlands, Australia, and Austria (Rilla 1999). In Indonesia, there are eight provinces trying to develop agrotourism such as North Sumatera with rubber and palm plantations, Riau with cacao plantations, West Java by botanical gardens, Central Java and Daerah Istimewa Yogjakarta by salak pondoh agrotourism in Sleman, East Java by sugar plantations, Nusa Tenggara Barat by Rinjani ecotourism, Middle of Kalimantan and West of Kalimantan by palm plantations. Currently, they are still simply managed with limited facilities and are not developed on community-based model, and have not been well promoted (Indonesian Agriculture Department, 2005). Previously, agrotourism attraction was only interpreted as panorama attractions and plantations area, but now agrotourism has been interpreted as a linkage system between tourism and agriculture sectors as well as a model of region development (Indonesia Agriculture Department, 2005). Application of Agrotourism Agrotourism is highly dependent on the type of agricultural activity that is practiced in that particular area. In other words, this means that not all agrotourism destinations in the world provide the same agricultural activities. So in this subtopic, we are going to introduce and discuss about some famous agrotourism destinations in our country, Malaysia. This will definitely exposed us the similarities and differences among the agrotourism destinations throughout the world. First of all, let us look at Malaysias agrotourism spots. There are some famous examples of destinations such as: (i) Cameron Highland (ii) Taman Pertanian Sabah (iii) Parit Jawa Johor (i) Cameron Highland Cameron Highlands is Malaysias premier hill resort. Located in the state of Pahang, on the Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia, at 1524m above sea level, it is the largest of the Malaysian hill resorts. Much of its appeal lies in the net sprawling tea plantations which date back to 1929, as well as terraced flower gardens, strawberry farms, orchard and vegetable gardens. Being a popular hill resort, Cameron Highlands is well-developed with visitor amenities, tourist attractions, activities and a range of accommodation for a comfortable, leisurely holiday in cool invigorating climate. The cool climate which never ranged more than 20 degree Celsius, along with its fertile soil also attracts tourist from various places. Initially, the virgin jungle cleared for cultivation of tea bushes. Thus began Boh Estate, the first highland tea plantation in the country. Subsequently, other tea estates were opened, among them, the Blue Valley and Bharat plantations. The highland was also found to be conducive for the commercial cultivation of vegetables, flowers and fruits such as oranges and strawberries. The increasing popularity of Cameron Highlands in recent years has attracted the development of more tourism facilities and spots to cater to the growing number of visitors. The practice of agrotourism can be observed in various agricultural places which is well equipped with facilities in Cameron Highlands. This is important as the combination of both agriculture and tourist attraction forms agrotourism. There are many activities and places to be visited in Cameron Highlands in the context of agrotourism such as: (a) Sungai Palas Tea Estate It is one of the four tea states on the highlands, also produces the world famous BOH TEA. Tourists may travel 1 km into this estate where the factory is located. Resident guides will introduce the complex processes involved in the production of fragrant tea. These include the picking of tea leaves and the intricate art of brewing a good cup of tea. Tourists can even purchase some tea, the main produce of the highland, as a souvenir. (b) Apiary- Honeybee Farm Apiary- Honeybee farm is a small cottage industry for the production of honey. It is a garden ere some 25 varieties of flowers have been cultivated not for sale, but as a food supply for honey bees in search of nectar and pollen. Honey, believe it contain amazing ingredients for treating ailments such as insomnia, lethargy, skin diseases and even impotence. (c) Strawberry Farm Strawberries are another unique and proud product of the Highlands, seen as a trademark of the hill resort. The variety is known as FRESNO. Tourist will not leave the farm without a jar of strawberry jam. (d) Flower Nurseries Fresh flowers are cultivated in the highlands and are a leading export. Most of the flowers are grown in Brinchang. Bloom like roses, chrysanthemum, carnations, dahlia, geranium and everlasting flowers are grown in the nurseries. No visit to the highlands is complete without purchasing some of these colourful cuts to take back home. (e) Vegetable Farm Cameron Highlands is the nations prime producer of fresh vegetables, with some of the produce exported to neighbouring countries. Most of the vegetable farms can be spotted from the road along Brinchang to Tringkap. Cabbages, cauliflower, tomatoes, carrots, leeks, parsley and pepper are grown here. Purchases can be made at the vegetable stalls. (ii) Taman Pertanian Sabah Taman Pertanian Sabah is part of the 1500 acres of the Agriculture Research Station, Lagud Sebrang Tenom which is administered and owned by the Agriculture Department Sabah. It is a complex consisting of the Agriculture Research Station, Seed production Centre for Cash Crop, Farmers Training Centre and Taman Pertanian Sabah itself. The Park sprawled over an area of 500 acres. The park was first opened to visitors in October 2000, and was officially launched by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad on the 25 March, 2001. With its rich biodiversity, the Park has a magnificent collection for indigenous and introduced plants species. It is also a conservation centre for native Orchids of Borneo. This park would become a heritage for the next generation and this will help to educate people in nature conservation and the preservation of natural rainforest through cultivation of trees, shrubs, plants and flowers. The lush greenery, multitude species of plants or flowers of endemic to Borneo Island and very rare, panoramic view of the lakes, captivating landscaped gardens provide an excellent base to expand your knowledge and ideal environment for those who seek peace, quiet and tranquility away from stressed and urban noise. This park also provides a great trekking ground as well as nature walks and jungle activities. The park is blessed with Mother Natures treasures. The park is a showcase of integrated activities carried out by all the Departments and Agencies under the Ministry of Agriculture Development and Food Industry. It also serves as a training and education centre for agriculture, horticulture, apiculture, seed production, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry. It is divided into four key areas: (a) Agriculture This included Living Crop Museum, Demonstration Farms, Agro forestry, Bee Centre and Germplasm collection. (b) Horticulture This include Native Orchid Centre, Hybrid Orchid, Evolution garden, Model Garden and Ornamental Garden (c) Animal Husbandry This included Animal Park and Animal Farm. (d) Fisheries This included Freshwater Fishing. Objectives of Taman Pertanian Sabah are firstly, as a major Agrotourism centre in the state. Secondly, to provide demonstration farms for Agricultural activities, Animal breeding and Fisheries. Thirdly, to serve as a centre for training and demonstration on Agriculture, Horticulture, Fishery, Apiculture, Seed Technology, Forestry and Animal Husbandry. Next is to provide facilities for nature-based recreational activities and the final objective is to promote awareness and love for nature. (iii) Parit Jawa Johor The following agrotourism destination that i recommended is a place which situated On the western coast of Johor, lies a small town called Parit Jawa. The main attraction here especially during the October-March migration season, is the birdlife. Despite the busy river mouth near the jetty the bird fauna seems unperturbed. The most noticeable of the birds are the Lesser Adjutants of the family of Storks, by sheer virtue of their endangered status and size. Standing at 120 cm tall, with a white body and dark grey wings this species is unmistakable. Its head is virtually bald, apart from a sparse covering of fine hair-like feathers. There are only 2000 odd numbers left in the world and its cousin, the Greater Adjutant, not found in Malaysia, is critically endangered with only 500 odd left in the wild. To be able to sight these amazing prehistoric looking birds is worth the weekend to this classic, pre-war-looking town of Parit Jawa. Birdlife The main attraction of Parit Jawa, especially during the October-March migration season, is the birdlife.  Though there is a regular traffic of fishing boats winding its way through the muddy channels, and though there are local people going about their business near the jetty the bird fauna seems unperturbed.  The most noticeable of the birds are the Lesser Adjutants, by sheer virtue of their size.  Standing at 120 cm tall, with a white body and dark grey wings this species is unmistakable. Comically, its head is virtually bald, apart from a sparse covering of fine hair-like feathers.  Ã‚   Active during the day, these storks feed on fish and amphibians such as the Crab-eating Frog. Once seized, the prey is subjected to a series of stabs with its powerful beak, before being swallowed whole.  At nights the storks roost in mangrove trees along the coast.   Nesting occurs mainly during the dry season, either in small colonies or as single nests.     Ã‚  Other shorebirds not commonly seen in Malaysia but which may be sighted at Parit Jawa include the Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, the Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata and the Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes.  Ã‚   Egrets and smaller herons are easily seen, including the Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus.  The Striated Heron Butorides striatus is very common, and is often seen perched close to the jetty or stalking small fish around the moored fishing boats.   Flocks of terns are often seen following fishing vessels back to harbour, swooping down to pluck small fish from the waters churned up by the boats propellers.   Kingfishers are common too, including migrants such as the Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis and the Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata; there are numerous sticks or posts close to the jetty where they like to perch.  Ã‚   Fishing Village For visitors unfamiliar with the laid-back charms of rural Malaysia the fishing village of Kuala Parit Jawa serves as a fine example.   The tidal inlet is crowded with wooden vessels which fish the muddy waters of the Straits of Malacca, and there are a number of open-air seafood restaurants specialising in spicy fish recipes.   Add to that a couple of brightly coloured Chinese temples and modest Malay kampung houses surrounded by banana, papaya and durian orchards and you have a scene of rural tranquility. Mud and Mangroves Beyond the rickety wooden jetty at the mouth of Kuala Parit Jawa is a wide expanse of mud, which is  exposed at low tide.   The coastal mudflats of the Straits of Malacca are rich in organic content, supporting an abundance of invertebrate life including worms, snails, bivalves, crabs and prawns.   In turn these food groups support a rich web of higher species including fish such as mudskippers, reptiles such as water snakes and monitors, and a wide range of bird species.  Ã‚  Mammals too live in the adjacent mangroves; groups of  Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis regularly venture out of the mangroves and onto the mudflats, probably to feed upon crabs hence their other name Crab-eating Macaque.   The Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea can also be sighted here.   Implications of Agrotourism Agrotourism has contributed much to both the economic and social sector in our country development. However, there are positive and negative implications of agrotourism. First of all, agrotourism contributes lots in improving the economy of the local communities. When we are promoting about agrotourism, we are actually promoting both the agriculture and tourism as they are combined in this sector. Places of agriculture will sell the products and induce the tourism of the place at the same time. As a result, tourists will buy the agriculture products and spending for tour cost such as accommodation as well. Besides, agrotourism will help to increase the value of the village. For instance, the residents can provide home stay-themed-accommodation for the tourists. Home stay is a form of program that allows the tourists to live with a local family to experience their lifestyle. Besides this program, by spending on the service provided or products bought, the tourists can increase the incomes of the residents in rural area. This additional income will help to raise the status of the residents. Thus, the poverty rate in rural area can be decreased. Other  opportunity  generated from agrotourism is providing local employments. The residents of rural area, especially the youths, can work on accommodation service, tour guide service, restaurant or handicraft industry. This will decrease the migration of youths to cities. Thus, agrotourism helps improving the social situations, particularly poverty alleviation, decreasing unemployment and declining urbanization. Generating agrotourism-related businesses  is the most potential opportunity of agrotourism development. Due to the increasing amount of the tourists, traditional cakes or chips are produced in order to introduce the local food to them. In the handicraft industry, souvenir such as batik and canes products are made to sell to the tourists. To maintain the amount of visitors, agricultural product improvements and stimulations of tourism-related  enterprises are done. Last but not least, abandoned land can be developed in the practice of agrotourism. The development of agrotourism brings about the utilization of lands. These lands can turn out to be a new tourist attraction spot. They can be used as aquaculture rearing, orchard farm or recreational park. Nevertheless, agrotourism has its negative effects towards the environment when it is over-developed. Climatic change is one of the major problems which the agrotourism sector caused. Recently, we can see the global temperature is increasing drastically from year to year. The best example is Cameron Highland, a place that practice agrotourism. It was known as a cold place but now, the temperature is actually increasing. This has caused the crop yield of the agriculture products such as vegetable and fruits to decrease because these plants are only suitable in temperate condition. Another negative effect that we can see is the pollution problem. Extensive agrotourism activities have released polluting by-products which results in environmental problems. The increasing number of tourists causes air pollution in a particular area as they using vehicles which release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These polluting gases are emitted into the atmosphere and translate into the acid rain. Acid rain has adverse affect on the plants, fresh water and soil because it can kills some of the living organisms. Besides, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides also result in soil pollution. Excessive use of chemical pesticides which exceed permissible limit causes undesirable health effects and reduces biodiversity. Continuous use of fertilizer that contains heavy metals such as cadmium in phosphate rocks will pollute the soil and render the crops to be toxic. When the rain falls, the pollutants in soil will be brought to the river along with the rain, which will then cause water pollution. In addition, increases in use of chemical fertilizer results in higher level of nitrates being washed from the soil into the water ecosystem. This causes an excessive enrichment of the water, eutrophicaton, leading to rapid algal growth that creates oxygen deficit and killing of aquatic life. This chain reaction will further affect our ecosystem and biodiversity. When agrotourism is allowed to develop without proper planning, deforestation might happen. As this sector is growing rapidly, more and more land is required. So, the limited availability of land will lead to deforestation. Deforestation will brings to decrease in the wildlife population and at a more critical state, the biodiversity of the area will be affected. Consequently, there will be agricultural mismanagement which results in less arable land for agriculture and at the meantime, affect the agrotourism sector. Constraints of Agrotourism Lack of promotion is another constraint of agrotourism. Advertisement related to agrotourism is not established to a wider range of places. People will not have much information about the agrotourism places. Besides, the pamphlets that provide incomplete information will confuse the tourists. The information given may not be interesting or fascinating enough to attract the tourists. Furthermore, many places are lack of tour guides to introduce the places to the tourists. These will deter them from visiting the agrotourism spot. The authorities should promote the uniqueness of each village to strengthen the destination by combining with other related activities to reach the goals of agrotourism. Facilities also play an important role in the development of agrotourism. The hardest barriers of agrotourism development are inadequate infrastructures, limited public facilities and imperfect human resource skills. It will be a trouble when the facilities such as transportation, hotel and toilet do not fulfill the tourists demands. Another problem in agrotourism is insufficient government supports. Due to the small amount of governmental expenditure on research and development of agrotourism, technical assistance and support, as well as agro-marketing, agrotourism always faces problems in developing. Government empowerment, investment in agricultural sectors, infrastructure development, human skill improvement, public facilities development, and local communities empowerment and involvement need to be immediately committed to apply an ideal agrotourism. Besides, the younger generation is the important factor in the development of agrotourism. However, they are not concerned and interested about the greenery. From their point of view, agrotourism spot is not an interesting place to travel and it is not worth to go for such an unmemorable and uncomfortable trip. Water World or Extreme Park will draw more attention from them. Also, they are not interested to work in the agrotourism sector. Fresh graduates are not enthusiastic about the job in agrotourism as they thought it is not well-paid compared to the professional sector. As a consequence, there is no new generation to take over this sector. Lastly, scarce investment is a big problem for agrotourism sector. It is more risky to invest in this sector compared to the other sectors which are stable in development. Investors are less likely to invest in agrotourism as this sector is not a popular trend in the world yet. All in all, the government, non-governmental organizations, and even the people of our country should do their best to contribute to agrotourism. The government should not just fork out money in maintenance. Instead, they should find alternatives in supporting the development of agrotourism. Solutions to solve the constraints and implement to improve this sector should be their priority concern. Ways to Improve Agrotourism In Malaysia Agrotourism and homestay programmes provided opportunities for local involvement and additional sources of income. A total of 19 agro-tourism locations were developed with the participation of farmers and fishermen during the Seventh Plan period. The products included day visits, farm-stay and agro-tourism packages. Agrotourism is rapidly carving a niche in Malaysia, especially as the country has a wealth of products to offer locals and visitors alike. Agricultural tourism, as it is formally known, helps by improving incomes and economic potentials of small farms, rural communities and agro-based ventures throughout the country. Visitors can also help with the locals daily chores, feeding the ducks, tending to the vegetables and see how the local communities thrive in todays fast-paced world. There are also homestays where visitors can discover more of local agrotourism practices. There are also fruit farms and parks where locals and visitors can learn more of agroutourism in Malaysia. In Malaysia, an agriculture park measuring over 10000 hectares has been opened, showing visitors how Malaysian agriculture has developed. For example, Cameron Highland located at Pahang and Dusun d Paradise that is situated in Melaka. These places have become tourist hotspot as it offer variety of activity and different experience for tourist. Malaysia Agriculture, Horticulture and Agrotourism ( MAHA ) is the main organization that promotes the practice of agrotourism. Today, the industry is still growing and need a lot of improvement to achieve optimum benefit. Supportive government policies are one of the ways of improvement. It maintains a business environment with oppurtunities for growth and profits have made agrotourism in Malaysia an attractive sector. The private sector in Malaysia is encouraged to become partners with the public sector in achieving the nations development objectives. Governments commitment to maintain a business environment should be the main objective that provides companies with the opportunities for growth and profits. Government can also pay constant feedback from the business community through channels of consultation such as regular government- private sector dialogues. These allow the various business communities to air their views and to contribute towards the formulation of better agrotourism. Air, land and sea transportation will be continuously upgraded to facilitate accessibility and the growth of the tourism industry. The comfort, safety and security of tourists are crucial for the success of the agrotourism industry. The government will increase security patrols, especially in remote tourist resorts, to ensure the safety of tourists. At the same time, adherence to safety measures in the transportation of passengers by road, rail, sea and air will remain a top priority. Operators, guides and instructors in the tourism business will need to be more conscious of the well-being of tourists and strive to ensure their comfort and safety. In addition, further efforts will be made to provide tourists with quality goods and services at reasonable prices. Over the years, extensive promotional campaigns have been engineered both locally and overseas to attract tourists from around the world. Despite the economic slowdown, the tourism industry remains strong. Today, Malaysia is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Asia. This will allow the agrotourism industry to continuously expanding. Government must take initiative, which are undertaken by its official tourism promotional board, Tourism Malaysia. This will create potential investment opportunities in many areas. Tourism Malaysia has established video clips in local television programme to promote agrotourism. Stable political condition is also essential for marketing in agrotourism even for major tourist attractions. Government should ensure the political condition is always stable so as to allow the continuous of tourist flowing into the country, thus promoting agrotourism. Besides that, this will make investor feel secure and allow them to expand the field safely. Malaysia government should offers investors a young, educated and productive workforce at costs competitive with the other countries in Asia. This will allow the investors to develop and practice agrotourism in a more convenient way. Thus, this will attract more investors to develop in Malaysia and directly contribute to the countrys economy. The investors also need to play their role to improve the practice of agrotourism. They should provide better infrastructure for their customers such as transports, accommodations and catering facilities. They must provide good transport links because even attractive regions can be almost impossible to market for tourism if they are not accessible from the population centres. Investors should ensure that the agriculture they planted must be in healthy condition and always fresh to attract more people to come and have a tour. Investors can cooperate with government to create partnership with travel agency of other country to promote local agrotourism. Tour agency can provide attractive tour packages and promotion for the tourist where is the investor will give cheaper price for the agent. This is a form of symbiosis interaction between the tour agent and investor. Both parties will get benefit from the interaction. Investor must provide wide d

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Hobbes State of Nature

Hobbes State of Nature Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) who is considered by some to be the greatest English political philosopher defended the need for an absolute sovereign, a ruler who would have unlimited powers of rule and punishment, he based his belief by imagining what life in the state of nature would be like and he supposed that life in this state would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short .Hobbes based this idea on his theory of human nature, he believed that all human beings seek to satisfy their desires moreover since there is no sum mum bonum or highest good for men but rather a constant succession of appetites, what each human being most wants is not any particular thing but the generalized capacity to satisfy new desires as they emerge: to assure forever, the way of his future desire (Leviathan:47). Conflict can arise from any attempt by humans to satisfy their desires for they may go to any lengths to do so and in the state of nature there are no moral limits to mens action: The notions of Right and Wrong, Justice and Injustice have there no place and they may kill another for anything they deem necessary to their life. Dawkins (1989) tends to agree with Hobbes, he also sees human nature as selfish, and he claims that selfishness is contained in every gene even though everyone has distinctive genes. Dawkins goes on to say that competitive behavior is programmed biologically. Nevertheless Dawkins differs from Hobbes because he stresses that it makes more sense if people join forces for mutual benefit. However just because a gene contains a selfishness streak does not mean that the individual will be selfish. Hobbes (Cited in Hampsher-Monk (1992) claims that the only naturally occurring authority that exists is that of a mother over her child and this link only prospers because the child is much weaker than the mother and its survival depends on the mother. This type of connection does not exist between adult human beings, although Hobbes does accept that some human beings possess more strength than others, although every human being has the ablity to kill another. Even the strongest must sleep ; even the weakest might persuade others to help him to kill another (Leviathan, xiii.1-2) furthermore because adults are equal in this capacity to threaten each others lives, Hobbes claims that there is no natural source of authority to order their lives together. Hobbes main argument for an absolute sovereign was that any type of government is better than the State of Nature, a condition where people are forced into contact with each other in the absence of a superior authority. A condition of war of every man against every man (Leviathan, ch. 13). Hobbes gave three explanations why life in a state of nature would mean a state of war, where people would always be in a continual readiness to fight. Firstly there would be no production and this in turn would mean there would be limited resources; people would have to take by force the possessions they require from others. Secondly people would attack first as a way of defending themselves. Lastly people would just attack others just to gain a reputation for being strong so as to put off others. The result of all this would be hostility between people and there would be no trust. Underlying the state of nature is the struggle for survival and fear of death and to counter these conditions people must use the dictates of reason and voluntarily join together forming a collective union supported by a social contract. Hobbes places great weight on contracts and he often speaks of covenants, by which he means a contract where one person performs his part of the agreement later than the other. In a state of nature such arrangements would not work because only the weakest will have good reason to fulfill the second part of a covenant and then only if the stronger person is watching over them. One opposition to this is that are people not able to behave in a fair and honest way? Even where there is no government giving laws. This objection assumes that people possess a basic sense of morality and believes that all this would overcome the greed, attacks and defensive fighting that Hobbes talks about. Hobbes makes two declarations the first is to do with our duties in the state of nature that is the right of nature, the second involves the risks posed by peoples differing beliefs of what is right and wrong. Hobbes definition of the right of nature is the entitlement to save our own lives by any means possible, he goes on to say that the most terrible thing that can befall us is a brutal death caused by others. Hobbes continues by saying that we have a right to decide what will save our lives. He goes further by saying that in a state of nature we have a right to everything even to one anothers body (Leviathan, xiv.4). His argument seems to be a bit extreme at this point, but if a person decides that they require something for example the death of another person or their labor to make sure that they can survive, in a state of nature there exists no influence to judge these actions as right or wrong. However Hobbes believes that human beings are able to adhere to some principles whi ch are not found in religion but can in some ways be paired with religion. In (Leviathan,xiv.4) the first law commands that every man ought to endeavour peace, as far as he has hope of obtaining it and when he cannot obtain it he may seek and use all helps and advantages of war. The second law says that a man be willing, when others are so too as far-forth as for peace and defense of him he shall think it necessary to lay down this right to all things and be contented with so much liberty against other men, as he would allow other men against himself. (Leviathan, xiv.5) Hobbes thinks that people should act as if they have made a contract with others in a society, however this does not include the sovereign authority. With Hobbes social contract all people give up their right to all things (Leviathan, xiv.5) although the sovereign does not give up this right. In this agreement, people agree to only retain the right to protect their lives in cases of direct peril, but the decision of what poses an immediate threat depends on judgment, nevertheless it does allow us to retaliate if the sovereign attempts to take our lives. There are practical reasons for the sovereign not participating in contracts with their subjects, firstly it is not practical for the sovereign to make a covenant with everyone individually and it is not possible to make a covenant with the population as a whole because while the sovereign is being created, people are still in a state of nature and do not trust each other. One of the roles of the sovereign is to punish those who have acted unjustly but it is also the sovereigns right because people have forfeited their rights to the sovereign who is not held responsible for the possible injury or death of subjects. The most important role of the sovereign according to Hobbes is to prescribe the rules, whereby every man may know what goods he may enjoy, and what actions he may do, without being molested by any of his fellow-subjects. This role protects against the inevitable competition that will arise between people over scarce resources. However Hobbes theory gives way for criticism if the sovereign is unjust, but Hobbes counters this by stating that the sovereign cannot be unjust and ultimately Hobbes believed that government was more preferable than social chaos, especially under an absolute sovereign. Another key aspect of sovereignty is the right of making war and peace with other nations and commonwealths which reflects the obligation of the sovereign to protect their subjects. The sovereign however retain s their right of nature although Hobbes does concede that there are moral limits on what sovereigns should do. Hobbes arguments have been contested by many among which is John Locke ([1690] 1965) who was concerned that an absolute sovereign with absolute power would be even more of a hazard to us than life in a state of nature. After all, how could we have faith in the sovereign to act in the citizens interests rather than his or her own? So Locke argued that even though we could do with a sovereign to straighten out disputes and dispense justice, we must also lay down constitutional limits to the sovereigns rule and in addition we also have a right to fight back if the sovereign abuses our faith. Hobbes argument has weakness in that it has the tendency of legitimate monarchs to quietly slide over into being despots; (Fukuyama,1989:157-158) with no institutional devices like elections for finding out popular consent, it would be difficult to know whether a particular monarch had the kind of sanction Hobbes himself had in mind(Fukuyama, 1989:157-158). Fukuyama then makes it clear that it was relatively easy for John Locke to change Hobbes principal of monarchical sovereignty into one of parliamentary or legislative sovereignty based on majority rule. Lockes alternate to the Hobessian dilemma is not absolute monarchy but restricted government which consists of a constitutional government providing protection for the citizens basic rights and whose authority is resulted from the consent of the people(Fukuyama, 1989). It is clear that Locke views Hobbes right to preservation of ones life as meaning a right to revolution against a tyrant who used his power unjustly against the inte rests of the people (Fukuyama, 1989:158). Lockes offers a perfect solution to the classic question: Who would guard the guardians? Hobbes deduces that an absolute sovereign is a highest power, an earthly God, who has been called upon to protect people from each other. The absolute sovereign is given various powers through which they can institute and keep peace to prevent reverting back into the state of nature. Hobbes main argument for the need for an absolute sovereign is that a state of war would be horrific for everyone but that very same reason will mean that we carry on living in such a state. The only probable way to escape a state of war is through the formation of an influence that can intimidate the people and force them to live in peace with each other. On the other hand, Hobbes fails to prove that we have an almost unlimited obligation to do what the sovereign tells us to do, furthermore his arguments that sovereignty which includes the power to moderate moral and political matter and put in force those judgments cannot be separated, are not only weak but they are clearly opposed by the somewhat succ essful division of powers in modern liberal societies. The shocking crimes of twentieth century perpetrated by dictatorships make obvious to us beyond doubt that verdicts about what is right or wrong cannot be a problem only for our political leaders, it also has to be a question for us as individuals. So although Hobbes does justify the need for an absolute sovereign with his arguments, they have been refuted by some thinkers like Locke ([1690] 1965) and Rousseau ([1762] 1913) who have proposed having a sovereign whose power is limited so as to prevent tyranny.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Maksym Berezovsky :: Musician Music Berezovsky Ukranian Essays

Maksym Berezovsky People are heroes in their own countries for different reasons. George Washington in the United States for being the first president and helping win independence, Ghandi in India for peacefull leadership, Churchill in Britian for his leadership, and Maksym Berezovsky in Ukraine. Berezovsky was not a war hero or a political figure. He was the first Ukrainian to be known throughout Europe.[2] He was the first Ukrainian to compose a symphony, opera and violin sonata.[3] To be considered the first is a special honor that he did not reieve until 2002 when a sonata of his was found in the Vatican by Steven Fox.[4] Some people say that only men of great genius can write a good symphony, and Berezovsky wrote more than a few so that makes him very special. Maksym Berezovsky came into this world in a way that befuddles historiographers. Nobody is certain when he was born. Scholars best guess from several older sources are that he was born in mid October of 1745 in the town of Hlukhiv.[5] By most, if not all, accounts he went to school at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. This academy was very well known for its musical teaching and students often made careers out of their music. Berezovsky parlaid his time there into a stint at the imperial court choir in St. Petersburg. This was the stepping stone for what was to become a storied career. After his time in the imperial choir, Berezovsky moved to Italy to sing opera for the Italian opera company in Oranienbaum. He was only about 15 at the time so this was quite impressive. Five years he stayed there and sang until the highly acclaimed Giovanni Martini took him under his wing. Along with a friend, Josef Myslivecek, he wrote an exam to compose a polyphonic work.[7] Berezovsky piece was so good that it is still kept on file to this day. In 1771 he earned the title of maestro di musica[8], which was a very high honor indeed. Maksym Berezovsky :: Musician Music Berezovsky Ukranian Essays Maksym Berezovsky People are heroes in their own countries for different reasons. George Washington in the United States for being the first president and helping win independence, Ghandi in India for peacefull leadership, Churchill in Britian for his leadership, and Maksym Berezovsky in Ukraine. Berezovsky was not a war hero or a political figure. He was the first Ukrainian to be known throughout Europe.[2] He was the first Ukrainian to compose a symphony, opera and violin sonata.[3] To be considered the first is a special honor that he did not reieve until 2002 when a sonata of his was found in the Vatican by Steven Fox.[4] Some people say that only men of great genius can write a good symphony, and Berezovsky wrote more than a few so that makes him very special. Maksym Berezovsky came into this world in a way that befuddles historiographers. Nobody is certain when he was born. Scholars best guess from several older sources are that he was born in mid October of 1745 in the town of Hlukhiv.[5] By most, if not all, accounts he went to school at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. This academy was very well known for its musical teaching and students often made careers out of their music. Berezovsky parlaid his time there into a stint at the imperial court choir in St. Petersburg. This was the stepping stone for what was to become a storied career. After his time in the imperial choir, Berezovsky moved to Italy to sing opera for the Italian opera company in Oranienbaum. He was only about 15 at the time so this was quite impressive. Five years he stayed there and sang until the highly acclaimed Giovanni Martini took him under his wing. Along with a friend, Josef Myslivecek, he wrote an exam to compose a polyphonic work.[7] Berezovsky piece was so good that it is still kept on file to this day. In 1771 he earned the title of maestro di musica[8], which was a very high honor indeed.

Evolution Of Technology Essay -- essays research papers

Primitive men cleaved their universe into friends and enemies and responded with quick, deep emotion to even the mildest threats emanating from outside the arbitrary boundary. With the rise of chiefdoms and states, this tendency became institutionalized, war was adopted as an instrument of policy of some of the new societies, and those that employed it best became - tragically - the most successful. The evolution of warfare was an autocatalytic reaction that could not be halted by any people, because to attempt to reverse the process unilaterally was to fall victim. -E.O. Wilson, On Human Nature As every day passes we are become more and more a globalized society. With this ongoing cycle we come across a vast multitude of impasses. One of the main ideas leading toward this "global paradox" is the concept of global mindset. In this paper we will discuss all of the aspects of the global mindset: what it is, how it helps people live productively and successfully in the globalizing society, and how to develop an effective global mindset. Having a global mindset is a crucial competence of most businesses futures. What crucial competence means is the most sought after characteristic. Any level of manger that does not act with a global strategy will be left in the dust in today's globalizing markets. So what is a global mindset? Before we discuss what a global mindset is we must look at the reasons why we need a global mindset, so we can get a clearer picture of what we actually need. The world is becoming more interconnected and there have been recent changes in the world political systems. Incidents such as the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union; as well as revolutionary advances in communication technology. The implications for higher education in this changing world scene are significant as the new global workplace, driven by the up and coming information technology (IT) area, has made communication in daily life increasingly multinational and multicultural (Kim 617). Informal education is also a way to start. By this we mean that you don't have to go to formal classes to learn. Just by paying attention to people from other cultures in every day life we can enlarge our global mindset. In a class offered at the University of Rhode Island, BUS/COM 354, International Business Communication Exchange, students work in teams a... ... nations (Craige 5). To simplify this books main idea is to say that there is an underlying battle going on between not necessarily the nations to be the best, but inside the individuals, most of whom have tribalistic instincts. It is hard to do things and participate in things that you don't feel accustomed to which drives us into the conclusion of this paper. Those who want to succeed in today's global society, yes, have to have a global mindset, but it is much bigger than that. One must excel in what he or she does and give one hundred and ten percent effort all of the time. Of course, some people get lucky and get jobs handed to them, but for the vast majority of us it is a race. One race to the end of the path that we decide to take. Not everyone wins that race, and maybe that is not important. In today's globalizing society it is hard to feel like you are even part of the race. You may feel like you are doing well and then someone runs right past you and you don't even know what happened. We can't control the rate at which the global society is growing at and we wish we could say that everything and everyone will turn out a winner or at least happy. Yet this is untrue. Evolution Of Technology Essay -- essays research papers Primitive men cleaved their universe into friends and enemies and responded with quick, deep emotion to even the mildest threats emanating from outside the arbitrary boundary. With the rise of chiefdoms and states, this tendency became institutionalized, war was adopted as an instrument of policy of some of the new societies, and those that employed it best became - tragically - the most successful. The evolution of warfare was an autocatalytic reaction that could not be halted by any people, because to attempt to reverse the process unilaterally was to fall victim. -E.O. Wilson, On Human Nature As every day passes we are become more and more a globalized society. With this ongoing cycle we come across a vast multitude of impasses. One of the main ideas leading toward this "global paradox" is the concept of global mindset. In this paper we will discuss all of the aspects of the global mindset: what it is, how it helps people live productively and successfully in the globalizing society, and how to develop an effective global mindset. Having a global mindset is a crucial competence of most businesses futures. What crucial competence means is the most sought after characteristic. Any level of manger that does not act with a global strategy will be left in the dust in today's globalizing markets. So what is a global mindset? Before we discuss what a global mindset is we must look at the reasons why we need a global mindset, so we can get a clearer picture of what we actually need. The world is becoming more interconnected and there have been recent changes in the world political systems. Incidents such as the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union; as well as revolutionary advances in communication technology. The implications for higher education in this changing world scene are significant as the new global workplace, driven by the up and coming information technology (IT) area, has made communication in daily life increasingly multinational and multicultural (Kim 617). Informal education is also a way to start. By this we mean that you don't have to go to formal classes to learn. Just by paying attention to people from other cultures in every day life we can enlarge our global mindset. In a class offered at the University of Rhode Island, BUS/COM 354, International Business Communication Exchange, students work in teams a... ... nations (Craige 5). To simplify this books main idea is to say that there is an underlying battle going on between not necessarily the nations to be the best, but inside the individuals, most of whom have tribalistic instincts. It is hard to do things and participate in things that you don't feel accustomed to which drives us into the conclusion of this paper. Those who want to succeed in today's global society, yes, have to have a global mindset, but it is much bigger than that. One must excel in what he or she does and give one hundred and ten percent effort all of the time. Of course, some people get lucky and get jobs handed to them, but for the vast majority of us it is a race. One race to the end of the path that we decide to take. Not everyone wins that race, and maybe that is not important. In today's globalizing society it is hard to feel like you are even part of the race. You may feel like you are doing well and then someone runs right past you and you don't even know what happened. We can't control the rate at which the global society is growing at and we wish we could say that everything and everyone will turn out a winner or at least happy. Yet this is untrue.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Arrow of Time: Towards a New Epistemology of Science :: Scientific Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Arrow of Time: Towards a New Epistemology of Science ABSTRACT: Humanity has tried to comprehend two fundamental events since time immemorial: the birth of the universe and the emergence of life. Recently, it is claimed that these events can be understood comprehensively by means of a metaphor: the 'arrow of time.' The purpose of the present paper is twofold: (1) to build an epistemological structure that underlies the principle of time's arrow; and (2) to pursue the unity of science in a novel fashion. (A) WHAT IS AN ARROW OF TIME? The events which we see in the universe are classified into two categories: the reversible and the irreversible. The arrow of time is relevant to the latter than the former. It is alongwith the reversible-irreversible syndrome that a major light can be thrown on the notion of time's arrow. Concept of Reversibility The reversible events are those which occur regularly and repeatedly, the cycles of seasons, harvesting , pendulum swinging in a frictionless medium , the motion of earth and the moon , are some of the examples. Reversibility is an idealized concept . A process is said to be reversible if and only if the system which undergoes that process together with all parts of its environment which are affected, can be restored reproducibly to their original states. In short, in the reversible process all relevant parts of the universe must be capable of being put back to how they were! Time is not so considered to be an important ingredient in this system. The entire Newtonian Science is of this sort. Newton's laws , Maxwell's equations, Einstein's general relativity and even quantum mechanics- all remain effectively unaltered if we reverse the direction of time ( Replace the ' t ' which represents time by '-t' ). Even in life and the social sciences, time is not considered to be important com ponent in these system of knowledge. The notion of time's arrow is very important in the context of irreversible processes. Irreversibility defined Irreversibility is the negation of reversibility. It is a realistic notion. Moreover, it is the one-way time evolution of the system, giving rise to the non-repetitive , non-cyclic processes or events. The examples are , mixing a milk in the coffee, transfer of heat from a hotter body to a cooler one, chemical changes, the state of turbulence and chaos, rhythms, non-equilibrium systems, metabolism etc. Irreversibility is an open system in the sense that it interacts with its surrounding area and evolves simultaneously.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

A class performance Essay

magine you are going to direct act 3 scene 4 for a class performance what advice would you give to your actors to make this scene interesting and tense? Hello, with the performance creeping closer all the time we need to look at act 3 scene 4 so today we will be concentrating on that, I will be giving you all some advice to made the scene tense and interesting for your audience who will be watching you all I will first go thought the basis plot of this scene telling you in detail of a few important features. So here we go Macbeth and his wife lady Macbeth are hosting a banquet at their castle the other lords attending are Ross, Lennox and other lord that are un-named. Macbeth and Lady macbeth enter and sit on the thrones provide for them there is some dialog greeting the lords and thanking them for them for coming before this scene macbeth has ordered two murders to go and kill his loyal friend Banquo and his son Flence because they are a threat to Macbeth as Banquo is the only other one except lady macbeth that knows about the witches and their predictions in the predictions the witches tell Banquo he will not be king himself but he will father a line of kings so Macbeth feels that if Flence is dead then there is no way that will happen and no one will take over from Macbeth as king, but the murder bring bad news he has successfully killed banquo but his son escaped. Macbeth is not too worried because he does not feel he is too much of a threat at the moment but will grow up to be trouble. Lady macbeth still knows nothing and is carry on with the banquet while Lady macbeth is talking to the lords Banquos ghost enters and sit in Macbeths place no one else can see this because it is in Macbeth mind the lords start to ask Macbeth to take a seat on the table to join in with the feast but Banquo ghost is sat there. The other lords can’t work out why Macbeth won’t sit down and join them. Macbeth then starts to talk about Banquo to the lords and says that he could not make it tonight. Inside Macbeth mind the ghost is talking over. Macbeth starts to talk to the ghost Lady Macbeth and the lords are very puzzled by this. One of the lords Ross say the king is unwell Lady macbeth reassures the lords that everything is fine then talks to Macbeth on her own Macbeth tells her what he sees Lady macbeth tells him to behave and act like a man and it is all in your head. They both resume back to the lords, as Macbeth can no longer see the ghost. But the he comes back. In angry Macbeth starts shouting at Banquos ghost. Ross asks him what he sees but Lady macbeth steps in so that he doesn’t say anything she asks them all to leave which they do they are very puzzled as to the way the king has acted. But noting is said. After they have all left Macbeth and Lady macbeth talk Macbeth is going on about how Banquo and he is dead and his blood is on his hands, At the end of the scene Lady macbeth says â€Å"you lack the seasons of all natures, sleep. He is lacking this sleep because thought out the play sleep is one of the main themes and it is only for innocent people which he is not because he has killed Duncan he was killing god too because they though that the king was god so they had gone against god and killed him. So they were now evil and they would have no sleep. Well that is a round up of this sence as you can see it is one that needs a lot of effort put into to keep the audience concentrating on the play. Paul as Macbeth you have a big role to play in this scene also do you Pam Lady macbeth is trying very hard to take control over the situation and stop Macbeth spilling the beans on the bad deeds that he has done. You need to make sure that you look like you are in control of the matter and know how to handle it. When you are telling Macbeth to act like a man you need to be very harsh with him knock him back into the real world and make him see sense. Paul when you are talking to Banquos ghost at first you are very scared but then you could out of your shell slowly and face up to him, you will need to speak as if you are angry so talk in a low husky voice. Pam your voice needs to be firm and stern both of you need to act tired as you can as both of you are getting no sleep as I have already explained so if you take all this information I have told you today and work on it you will have them all hanging off the edge of their seat thank you for you all coming today I hope this advice has been help to you all.